James Webb Space Telescope discovers 'oldest galaxy in the universe'

GLASS-z13 was formed 300 million years after the Big Bang

Uranus is surrounded by 13 rings and 27 small moons as it rotates at a nearly 90-degree angle from the plane of its orbit. Photo: Nasa

Complex organic molecules similar to smoke or smog in a galaxy more than 12 billion light-years from Earth. Photo: Nasa

A delicate image of dust structures and bright star clusters taken by the James Webb Space Telescope. Photo: Nasa

Saturn has seven rings with several gaps and divisions between them, as well as 53 known moons. Photo: Nasa

Star cluster NGC 346, spiral galaxies NGC 1672 and Messier 74, and the Pillars of Creation, towering tendrils of cosmic dust and gas at the heart of the Eagle Nebula. Photo: Nasa

An infrared image of Neptune, the only planet in our solar system not visible to the naked eye. Photo: Nasa

Every eight years, the two stars in this image are brought together by their orbits – creating colliding streams of gas that, under the right conditions, form a new ring of dust. Photo: Nasa

A part of the Orion Nebula known as the Orion Bar. Photo: Nasa

A crowded field of galaxies, along with stars crowned with the James Webb Space Telescope's signature six-pointed diffraction spikes. Photo: Nasa

The NGC 3256 spiral galaxy was formed after a collision of two massive galaxies about 500 million years ago. Photo: Nasa

The Wolf-Rayet 124 star, featured in an image combining near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths of light. Photo: Nasa

An hourglass-shaped cloud of dust and gas is illuminated by light from a protostar. Photo: Nasa

Two views of the Southern Ring Nebula, which show the planetary nebula as a misshapen oval. Photo: Nasa

A composite image of the Cartwheel Galaxy captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in August 2022. AFP

A cluster of stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, near the Milky Way. Photo: JWST

A colour composite image of the Messier 74 galaxy. Photo: JWST

The gravity of galaxy cluster MACS0647 bends and magnifies light from the more distant MACS0647-JD. Photo: Nasa

The 'Pillars of Creation' — clouds of hydrogen gas and dust 6,500 light years from Earth — captured by the Hubble Space Telescope, left, and James Webb Space Telescope. AP

Dust rings resembling a fingerprint created by a rare type of star and its companion. PA

Images of the asteroid Dimorphos hours after Nasa crashed a spacecraft into it in September 2022. EPA

Neptune and seven of its 14 known moons. AFP

Thousands of young stars in a stellar nursery called the Tarantula Nebula. Photo: Nasa

A image of an exoplanet — a gas giant with no rocky surface. Photo: Nasa, ESA and CSA

Glass-z13, the oldest galaxy to be detected, was formed about 300 million years after the Big Bang. Photo: JWST

Jupiter and its moon Europa. Photo: Nasa

Jupiter and its moons Europa, Thebe and Metis. Photo: Nasa

Another image of Jupiter and some of its 79 moons. Photo: Nasa

An image of galaxy cluster Smacs 0723 taken by the James Webb telescope. Photo: Nasa

Stephan’s Quintet is an area in space that has five galaxies. Photo: JWST

The 'Cosmic Cliffs' of the Carina Nebula. Photo: JWST

An anniversary image shows the birth of a star in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, the closest star-forming region to Earth. Photo: Nasa

The James Webb Space Telescope has detected the oldest known galaxy in the universe.

It captured the GLASS-z13 galaxy that was formed about 300 million years after the Big Bang, which occurred 13.8 billion years ago.

This breaks the record set by its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, when it spotted galaxy GN-z11, which formed 400 million years after the birth of the universe.

The discovery was described in a paper on arXiv, an open access site where reports are published.

“Discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope have been pouring in since the release of its first full-colour science pictures last week,” New Scientist, the magazine that first reported the story, said on Twitter.

“This red dot is the oldest galaxy we've ever seen! The latest data from the James Webb Space Telescope has helped astronomers find the galaxy, which dates back to just 300 million years after the big bang.

“The galaxy, known as GLASS-z13, has broken the record for the oldest galaxy ever observed by nearly 100 million years.”

The $10 billion telescope was launched into space on Christmas Day, 2021, to observe galaxies formed after the Big Bang.

It is also studying the atmospheres of planets inside and outside of our solar system, so scientists can learn more about the evolution of the universe.

The first image from the telescope, revealed by US President Joe Biden on July 11, was of the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 as it appeared 4.6 billion years ago.

The first full set of photos was published the next day and included the Southern Ring Nebula, Stephan’s Quintet (five galaxies) and the Carina Nebula.

Webb is far more advanced than Hubble because of its breakthrough technology, design and location in space.

It is placed in Lagrange Point 2, an area that allows it to orbit the Sun, instead of the Earth, allowing it to see greater distances.

20 images of the universe, from galaxy collisions to violent star deaths - in pictures

This is the NGC 6302 planetary nebula - commonly referred to as the Butterfly Nebula because of its shape. The ‘wings’ are gas heated to nearly 20,000°C and it is tearing across space at more than 950,000 kilometres an hour. At the centre of the nebula is a dying star that was once about five times the mass of the Sun. The image was captured by the Hubble telescope in 2009. Photo: European Space Agency

This is the heart of our Milky Way galaxy, captured by the Hubble telescope in 2016. It shows a tapestry of more than 500,000 stars and the nuclear star cluster, the biggest and densest star cluster in our galaxy. Photo: Nasa

In 2019, the first image of a black hole was captured. The Event Horizon Telescope captured it at the centre of the Messier 87 galaxy. EPA / Event Horizon Telescope

In 2022, the Event Horizon Telescope managed to take the first picture of a supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy, which is feeding on hydrogen gas. Photo: Event Horizon Telescope

A picture of Saturn taken by the Voyager spacecraft in 1980. Taken from a distance of 13 million kilometres, it shows the planet’s moons, Tethys and Dione. Photo: Nasa

An image of two galaxies colliding, fuelled an unusual triangular-shaped star-birthing. Captured by the Hubble telescope in 2022, the interacting galaxies are called Arp 143. Photo: Nasa

This image features the enormous nebula NDC 2014 and its neighbour NGC 2020, which together form part of a vast star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud in the Milky Way, about 163,000 light years away. Captured by the Hubble telescope, it shows turbulent stellar nurseries, where new stars are born. Photo: European Space Agency

The James Webb Space Telescope showed the Carina Nebula, about 7,600 light years away. It revealed areas where stars were being born that other telescopes could not capture. Photo: Nasa / European Space Agency / Canadian Space Agency

The James Webb Space Telescope captured the sharpest views of galaxy cluster SMACS 0723. The image shows the cluster as it was 4.6 billion years ago. Photo: Nasa

Located 290 million light years away, Stephan’s Quintet, or NGC 7318B, is a compact group of five galaxies that was discovered in 1877. Four of them are locked in a cosmic dance of repeated close encounters. Photo: Nasa

Taken by the Hubble telescope in 2015, this is the largest and sharpest image taken of the Andromeda galaxy, which will collide with our galaxy in about five billion years. Photo: European Space Agency

Captured by Nasa’s New Horizons spacecraft in 2015, this image shows a region of Pluto that is rich in nitrogen, carbon monoxide and methane ices. Photo: Nasa

A striking composite image of Earth captured by Nasa’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter while in orbit around the Moon in 2015.Photo: Nasa

This image shows the polar ice cap on Mars. It was taken by the UAE’s Hope probe and processed by graphic designer Jason Major. Photo: Emirates Mars Mission

The Whirlpool Galaxy is 31 million light years away. Taken by Nasa’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the image shows the galaxy's “arms”, which are actually swirling clouds of gas and dust where massive new stars are born. Photo: Nasa

The Solar Orbiter, a European Space Agency probe built in the UK, captured images of the Sun in 2020 that show mini solar flares, called campfires, spread across its surface. The probe came within 75.6 million kilometres of the Sun. Photo: European Space Agency

To celebrate Hubble’s 25th year in orbit, an image of star cluster Westerlund 2 was taken. Discovered in the 1960s, this cluster has some of the hottest, biggest and brightest stars known to humankind. Photo: European Space Agency

This Hubble image shows the star-forming region NGC 3603. The cluster is thought to have formed about a million years ago. Photo: European Space Agency

Taken by Nasa’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and Europe’s Very Large Telescope, this image shows the remains of an exploded star, an event called the supernova RCW 86. It is believed Chinese astronomers first observed this in 185 AD. Photo: Nasa

The Hubble telescope took a picture of a galaxy hidden behind the Milky Way. The spiral galaxy, IC 342, is about 11 million light years from Earth. Photo: Nasa / European Space Agency