This week, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, declared a new federal cabinet. It included a new minister of state for happiness – a post that surprised some international observers. But beyond that bewilderment, what are the genuine and real challenges facing such a post?
Ministerial reshuffles are common in many countries, but usually due to public opinion against existing ministers, or political “wheeling and dealing” within political elites. That’s not the case here. The leadership is popular among citizens and the large expatriate community. The reshuffle in this case appears to be an internal strategising exercise.
The appointment of Ohood Al Roumi as minister of state for happiness might sound rather peculiar but if so, it’s not just the UAE that is peculiar. In the early 1970s, the King of Bhutan introduced the notion of gross national happiness (GNH) at an international conference. The GNH was described as being based on sustainable development, environmental protection, cultural values and good governance. Over several decades, the idea was developed in different private-sector and academic institutions. The International Institute of Management in 2005 proposed a gross national well-being index, and the Gallup Organisation, where I used to work as a senior practice consultant, has been measuring well-being worldwide for more than a decade.
In 2010, the University of Oxford launched the multidimensional poverty index that promotes analysis of psychological well-being, and in 2014, the UK government launched its own well-being statistics. In 2012, the United Nations general assembly adopted a resolution where it recognised “the pursuit of happiness is a fundamental human goal” and stated that gross domestic product “does not adequately reflect the happiness and well-being of people”.
Whether it is called happiness or well-being, the notion of measuring the comprehensive health of a population is well ingrained in the international community. This is not without good reason – and in the Arab world, there are at least two examples of where an ignorance of a country’s well-being preceded upheaval.
In 2010, studies on Egypt and Tunisia showed the countries’ economic well-being – that is, their respective GDPs – rising and doing well. Gallup, however, measured the two populations’ own well-being as diminishing. While the countries overall were doing well economically, at the same time their peoples were feeling more and more pessimistic about their futures, and their overall state of being. There was no trickledown – the rich were getting richer, but the poor, who were a majority, were getting poorer. A few months later, uprisings took place in both countries.
Five years after those uprisings, well-being in the region hasn’t increased. That’s not the fault of those uprisings per se. If those in authority in those countries in 2011 had focused on the needs of their people, the region would be in a much better state.
But Hosni Mubarak in Egypt refused to consider a preferable outcome, as did Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia.
If we return to the root of the well-being or happiness indexes that are now ingrained in the international community, there is a real opportunity for the UAE in the creation of this portfolio.
A serious effort would mean sustainable development, conservation of the natural environment, strengthening of values and the promotion of good governance. Those are the main pillars of the original philosophy – and in almost no country in the Arab world has this been pursued as a genuine government policy.
In more than one place, such pillars are used as slogans to avert responsibility and accountability – much like the vaunted notions of stability and security, which are all too often used to deny people their rights and civil liberties.
True stability is based on comprehensive human security – indeed, it is based on a realisation of fundamental rights and provision of opportunities.
The new happiness minister’s challenge is a real one and the stakes are high. This is true well beyond the UAE.
Rather than be surprised that there is a post of minister of state for happiness, we ought to see the position as incredibly important and scrutinise its developments.
Dr HA Hellyer is an associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute in London, and a non-resident senior fellow at the Rafik Hariri Centre for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC
On Twitter: @hahellyer
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The flights
There are various ways of getting to the southern Serengeti in Tanzania from the UAE. The exact route and airstrip depends on your overall trip itinerary and which camp you’re staying at.
Flydubai flies direct from Dubai to Kilimanjaro International Airport from Dh1,350 return, including taxes; this can be followed by a short flight from Kilimanjaro to the Serengeti with Coastal Aviation from about US$700 (Dh2,500) return, including taxes. Kenya Airways, Emirates and Etihad offer flights via Nairobi or Dar es Salaam.
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What is the FNC?
The Federal National Council is one of five federal authorities established by the UAE constitution. It held its first session on December 2, 1972, a year to the day after Federation.
It has 40 members, eight of whom are women. The members represent the UAE population through each of the emirates. Abu Dhabi and Dubai have eight members each, Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah six, and Ajman, Fujairah and Umm Al Quwain have four.
They bring Emirati issues to the council for debate and put those concerns to ministers summoned for questioning.
The FNC’s main functions include passing, amending or rejecting federal draft laws, discussing international treaties and agreements, and offering recommendations on general subjects raised during sessions.
Federal draft laws must first pass through the FNC for recommendations when members can amend the laws to suit the needs of citizens. The draft laws are then forwarded to the Cabinet for consideration and approval.
Since 2006, half of the members have been elected by UAE citizens to serve four-year terms and the other half are appointed by the Ruler’s Courts of the seven emirates.
In the 2015 elections, 78 of the 252 candidates were women. Women also represented 48 per cent of all voters and 67 per cent of the voters were under the age of 40.
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West Ham United v Tottenham Hotspur (3.30pm)
Burnley v Huddersfield Town (7pm)
Everton v Bournemouth (7pm)
Manchester City v Crystal Palace (7pm)
Southampton v Manchester United (7pm)
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