How magnetic are our countries? Soft power has not been – understandably – at the top of our minds during the pandemic. But it has not gone away. This will be a defining period for national identities, as many of us are more attuned to what is happening globally and have more time to absorb it.
The reputation of nations has been put under the microscope. Were they efficient in responding? How did their populations react? Were they led by reason or emotion? What did they prioritise in the response? All of that will resonate for years in the league tables of soft power. There will be winners and losers. China's positioning will be especially interesting to watch.
I think there are fundamental ways that soft power will be changed by the 2020 pandemic.
The virus has in many ways reinforced our perception of national brands. Some governments were secretive and authoritarian, as expected.
Others proved unwilling or unable to move quickly to build consensus for social distancing or lockdowns.
But where it will have most impact will be when countries defied national stereotypes: are some countries as competent as they and the world think? And what about countries like Jordan, Vietnam and New Zealand that did much better than expected?
Hard power changes will also inevitably have a knock on impact on smart power. Where economic crashes as a result of Covid-19 are more severe, they will both damage national reputations and mean that there is less resource for managing the national brand.
Covid-19 will also change which aspects of national magnetism matter most. In the future we are more likely to head to places that have strong, fair, efficient health systems and a decent broadband connection.
But are we going to want to spend holidays and working lives, time and money in places with more or less dense populations? Will future migration be towards or away from freedom? Will we want to move towards or away from countries that will choose to tax hard to protect jobs during the next virus?
And will as many countries still even want to be magnetic? Some national distancing will remain even once the social distancing is over. America under President Trump has often been deliberately repellant, making it harder for citizens of Muslim or African countries to visit. The virus might become another weapon in the armoury of those who believe that the answer to the 21st century is to build a higher wall.
Ironically, a pandemic that exposes the weakness of systems for international co-operation could therefore reinforce nationalism, isolationism and populism. Countries may become more autarkic, seeking to reduce dependence on international trade.
They will rethink the supply chains that become so fragile in a pandemic. And they will have to divert resources from international to national issues.
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People wear face masks as a preventive measure against the spread of the coronavirus as they walk along the promenade at Marina Bay in Singapore. AFP -
Cedar Meats Australia in Melbourne, Australia. Victoria has recorded 19 new Covid-19 cases connected to a cluster at Cedar Meats, a meat processing facility. EPA -
People wear protective masks in front of Laduree on Madison Avenue during the coronavirus pandemic in New York City. Covid-19 has spread to most countries around the world, claiming more than 247,000 lives with over 3.5 million infections reported. Getty -
An employee works to set up a medical facility to accomodate coronavirus patients with mild symptoms at the Nippon Foundation Para Arena in Tokyo. Japan's government prepared on May 4 to extend its nationwide state of emergency to the end of May as it braces for a lengthy battle against the pandemic. AFP -
A woman walks while wearing a protective mask during the coronavirus pandemic in New York City. Covid-19 has spread to most countries around the world, claiming over 248,000 lives with over 3.5 million infections reported. Getty -
A pedestrian pulls a cart past closed stores on a near-empty street in Wuhan, China. The lifting on April 8 of the unprecedented lockdown on Wuhan -- where the virus first emerged -- was a milestone. Stringent nationwide restrictions in China meant the world's second-largest economy recorded its deepest contraction in decades over the first quarter. Bloomberg -
A woman, wearing a face mask as a preventive measure against the spread of the Covid-19 walks along the promenade at Marina Bay in Singapore. AFP -
A general view shows increasingly busy streets as Malaysia reopens a majority of businesses, after a movement control order was imposed to fight the outbreak of the coronavirus disease, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Reuters -
A Chinese official carries medical supplies to a truck after a handover ceremony at the Council of Ministers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. China donated medical supplies to Cambodia to prevent the spread of coronavirus. EPA -
U.S. President Donald Trump participates in a live Fox News Channel virtual town hall called 'America Together: Returning to Work' with with hosts Bret Baier and Martha MacCallum about the response to the coronavirus disease being broadcast from inside the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. Reuters -
Students wearing face masks have their temperatures measured as they enter Marie Curie school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Students at secondary and high schools in many provinces have returned to school after a three-month closure due to the pandemic. EPA -
Firefighters and paramedics with Anne Arundel County Fire Department wear enhanced PPE while preparing to transport a suspected coronavirus patient in Glen Burnie, Maryland. As of this morning Maryland has 24,473 confirmed Covid-19 cases out of 1.18 million confirmed US cases. AFP -
Young members of the Church of God hold signs during a demonstration against California's stay-at-home orders that were put in place due to the coronavirus outbreak, in Rancho Cucamonga. AP -
The procession of emergency vehicles for retired paramedic Paul Cary makes its way out of Denver International Airport, 2020m, in Denver. Cary died from coronavirus after volunteering to help combat the pandemic in New York City. AP -
Teachers and volunteers, wearing face masks as a preventive measure against the spread of the coronavirus, prepare food donations for lower-income families organised by the Holy Redeemer Catholic Church at a school canteen in Bangkok. Thailand began easing restrictions on movement and gatherings on May 3, allowing restaurants, hair salons and open-air markets to resume business -- provided that social distancing is maintained and proprietors carry out temperature checks. AFP -
Putra, a 15-year-old performer wearing a large puppet figure called "Ondel-ondel", donning a face mask, walks on a street during a performance at a densely residential area in Jakarta, amid the spread of coronavirus disease in Indonesia. Reuters -
The Christ the Redeemer statue is seen illuminated calling society to wear face masks to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AFP -
Journalists stand maintaining social distancing in a demonstration to mark the World press freedom day during a government-imposed nationwide lockdown as a preventive measure against the coronavirus, in Islamabad. AFP -
A woman watches Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan singing during the 'I For India' concert live on Facebook on a television screen in New Delhi. International and Bollywood stars took part in a four-hour virtual concert on May 3 to raise funds for the battle against coronavirus in India, where the number of cases is surging. AFP -
An Indian navy ship anchored off coast of Marina beach is illuminated to pay tribute to people fighting against the spread of the coronavirus, in Chennai. AFP
Some aspects of soft power have become more important during the crisis, especially education and culture. Where did people gravitate towards for learning resource and methodology (and ultimately credible assessment)? Which films and music dominated our additional time online? These trends will influence our perception of national brands.
It is too soon to say whether trust in governments will rise or fall in the longer term. But the role of individual leaders will be more influential than before in how we rate countries in the immediate term.
Many leaders, with Jacinda Ardern the best example, are rising to the challenge with empathy, reason and solidarity. Clearly some are not, either burying their heads in the sand, challenging science, communicating erratically or scapegoating. One leader is even doing all four.
The craft of promoting our countries has also been fundamentally changed. One top diplomat this week told staff that working practices would never return to what they were. 'Covideoconferencing' and 'Covidiplomacy' have shown officials that they can work effectively in more agile and technology-backed ways.
Some countries have started to sell their tourism as an online experience. This may continue even when we can once again sip a coffee in a Paris cafe or climb Mount Kilimanjaro.
Another key driver of national credibility is the way that states are perceived to act in the world. Post Covid-19, there are new vacancies for countries to show the positive influence that drives up soft power influence.
Once diplomacy comes back properly, those who coped best with the virus might have more bandwidth to engage, gaining soft power. Those most dependent on global trading network will need to be more energetic than before.
The crisis has shown that there is such a thing as global society. There are two crucial moments this year that have a vacancy for leadership: the 75th anniversary of the UN and the G20 Summit in Riyadh in November. Maybe Covid-19 could become the biggest boost for international solidarity since the Second World War. But which countries will step up?
Finally, as the UAE has shown, humanitarian diplomacy – or in this case, health diplomacy – has become much more important as a way of demonstrating a country's values. Sending swift, much needed health supplies is a great way to demonstrate both solidarity and efficiency.
In the last decade, countries have realised the benefit of becoming soft power superpowers, and have spent more time and energy shifting the way the world sees them. When we emerge after Covid-19, we will discover that this landscape – like so many others – will have dramatically changed. There is all to play for.
Tom Fletcher CMG is a former UK Ambassador, visiting professor at NYU and the Emirates Diplomatic Academy and the author of ‘The Naked Diplomat’
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