US authorities have issued an arrest warrant for a Lebanese collector who for years advised investigators trying to clamp down on the trafficking of stolen antiquities.
Georges Lotfi, 81, has been charged by a New York court with 24 counts of criminal possession of stolen property.
His address is listed as a post box in Tripoli, Lebanon, but Mr Lotfi also has properties in New York, France and elsewhere.
Authorities also seized mosaics that come from Lebanon and Syria, which individually are valued between $20,000 and $2.5 million.
According to the affidavit filed earlier this month, Mr Lotfi had served as a “valuable source of information on numerous antiquities-smuggling investigations”.
“Over the years, the defendant has provided me with detailed information about looting practices globally,” Robert Mancene, a Homeland Security special agent, said in the affidavit.
Mr Mancene said Mr Lotfi “has demonstrated not only his intimate knowledge of the illegal trade in antiquities from the Middle East and North Africa, but also his acute awareness of the hallmarks of looted antiquities from his extended involvement in buying, selling, or otherwise dealing in antiquities — thereby revealing to me his awareness of the stolen nature of his own antiquities”.
'They turned against me'
Mr Lotfi also had a long-standing relationship with Matthew Bogdanos, head of the Manhattan district attorney’s Antiquities Trafficking Unit (ATU).
Mr Lotfi said he was “not a smuggler” but “a collector”.
“I was fighting with them for 10 years to stop illicit trading and they turned against me,” he told the New York Times.
The investigation by the ATU began indirectly in July 2017, Mr Mancene said.
The ATU had seized an ancient $12m marble bull's head from New York’s famed Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), which was initially discovered at the Eshmun archaeological site in Lebanon. But during the civil war in Lebanon between 1975 and 1990, it was stolen and eventually ended up being loaned to the Met.
“Notably, the Met incoming loan paperwork listed the defendant as the first documented possessor of the Bull’s Head,” the affidavit said.
A $10 million marble torso, originating from the same site in Eshmun and also stolen during the civil war, was seized from Mr Lotfi's Manhattan residence and later repatriated to Lebanon.
A third Eshmun artefact was discovered by Lebanese customs in a container that Mr Lotfi had sent from New York to Tripoli.
Mr Lotfi told the ATU he had bought the artefacts from a “well-known licensed dealer” called Farid Ziadeh.
During the course of the investigation, Mr Mancene said Mr Lotfi had informed him that he had a collection of mosaics from Lebanon and Syria that were stored in New Jersey.
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Officials announced the repatriation of 30 looted antiquities to Cambodia. AP -
One of the Cambodian antiquities recovered by the US Attorney's Office, in New York. AP -
Some of the Cambodian antiquities recovered by the US Attorney's Office on display. AP -
The South-East Asian country's archaeological sites, including Koh Ker, a capital of the ancient Khmer empire, suffered widespread looting in civil conflicts between the 1960s and 1990s. AP -
Looted artefacts on display. AP -
This 10th century sandstone statue depicting the Hindu god of war, Skanda, riding on a peacock will be returned to Cambodia. AP -
The works were voluntarily relinquished by US museums and private collectors after civil forfeiture claims were filed. AP -
Some of the artefacts are made from gold and bronze. AP
“The defendant explained to me that he wanted to liquidate these antiquities, either by selling or by donating them to museums [including ones in New York County],” Mr Mancene said.
“Beginning in 2017, and continuing over the next three and a half years, the defendant made repeated requests to me,[(assistant district attorney] Bogdanos, and other members of the ATU that we investigate his antiquities so that he could dispose of them”.
Mr Mancene would eventually search the storage unit in November 2019.
“Based on my conversations with the defendant over the last several years, I believe the defendant thought he had laundered the antiquities so well and had created such good [albeit false] provenance that he did not think the ATU would be able to determine their true origin,” Mr Mancene said.
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The Quai Branly Museum in Paris is exhibiting over a dozen colonial-era treasures taken from Benin, the last time they will be shown in France before being returned to the African nation. AP -
Artworks from the collection on display inside the Quai Branly Museum. The 26 pieces, from a trove of objects taken by French forces in 1892, are being shown for only six days at the museum before being shipped to Benin. EPA -
The treasures are from the kingdom of Dahomey in the south of present-day Benin. EPA -
The 19th century throne of King Ghezo, left, and the throne of King Glele, from Benin, are part of the exhibit. AP -
A close-up view of the detail on one of King Glele's palace doors. AP -
A statue of Benin's 19th century King Behanzin on display. AP -
A sculpture entitled 'Royal Seat'. EPA
