• Protesters wave an Iraqi flag during a protest against the depreciation of the dinar against the US dollar outside the Central Bank of Iraq in Baghdad. AFP
    Protesters wave an Iraqi flag during a protest against the depreciation of the dinar against the US dollar outside the Central Bank of Iraq in Baghdad. AFP
  • Demonstrators gesture during the protest. The Iraqi dinar's official exchange rate is fixed by the government and remains unchanged at one dollar for 1,470 dinars. AFP
    Demonstrators gesture during the protest. The Iraqi dinar's official exchange rate is fixed by the government and remains unchanged at one dollar for 1,470 dinars. AFP
  • A man holds a sign reading in Arabic: 'Depreciate the rate of the [US] dollar, or else!' AFP
    A man holds a sign reading in Arabic: 'Depreciate the rate of the [US] dollar, or else!' AFP
  • Since mid-November, the currency in the oil-rich country has experienced strong market fluctuations against the greenback. AFP
    Since mid-November, the currency in the oil-rich country has experienced strong market fluctuations against the greenback. AFP
  • Security forces stand guard during the demonstration. AP
    Security forces stand guard during the demonstration. AP
  • Security forces stand guard in front of the Iraqi central bank in Baghdad. AP
    Security forces stand guard in front of the Iraqi central bank in Baghdad. AP
  • Iraqi protesters demonstrate against the dinar's slide in value against the US dollar. Reuters
    Iraqi protesters demonstrate against the dinar's slide in value against the US dollar. Reuters
  • The decline of the dinar has fuelled public anger. AFP
    The decline of the dinar has fuelled public anger. AFP
  • Iraqi security forces prepare to face protesters outside the Central Bank of Iraq. AFP
    Iraqi security forces prepare to face protesters outside the Central Bank of Iraq. AFP

Protests at Iraq's Central Bank amid currency crash and economic woes


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Hundreds of Iraqis gathered in front of the Central Bank's headquarters in Baghdad on Wednesday to protest over the currency inflation crisis.

Security officials were sent to safeguard the headquarters as riot police cordoned off the area as dozens of activists gathered near the Central Bank building.

However, no clashes or arrests were made.

“Our demands are clear: government must intervene to stop the decline of dinar value because we’re suffering from high prices in local markets,” said Asaad Khudhaer, a labourer who came to the protest from the southern city of Najaf.

“Stop the neighbours stealing our dollars,” one banner read, referring to Iran.

Some merchants in the surrounding area also closed down their shops and joined the protesters, some raising placards that read “the politicians are the ones covering up financial corruption for the banks.”

The protesters, mainly young people, rallied amid a heavy security presence in the capital.

Protesters were seen waving Iraqi flags in Baghdad early on Wednesday, and protests then spread to different regions, with people demanding government intervention to stop the decline of the currency.

Activists close to the Sadrist and youth-led Tishreen movement, as well as civil rights groups, had called for gatherings outside the bank on Wednesday after a week-long plunge of the Iraqi dinar that led Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al Sudani to sack Central Bank chief Mustafa Ghaleb Mukheef.

The demonstrations were expected and a journalist from The National confirmed early on Wednesday that several groups of people had been seen crossing Al Shuhadaa (Martyrs') Bridge that leads to the bank.

The Iraqi dinar hit new lows on Friday, reaching about 1,670 to the dollar on the street. The currency has lost nearly 7 per cent of its value since mid-November. The official rate stands at 1,470 dinars per dollar.

Demonstrators protest outside the Iraqi Central Bank. AP
Demonstrators protest outside the Iraqi Central Bank. AP

Iraq’s Interior Ministry on Wednesday announced the arrest overnight of suspects accused of “manipulating” dollar exchange rates in Kirkuk and Erbil.

Mr Al Sudani is expected to travel to Paris on Thursday where he will meet the French leadership.

He said the drop in the dinar’s value would be top of his agenda as part of discussions with French President Emmanuel Macron.

Mr Al Sudani dismissed the previous bank governor and appointed its former chief Ali Mohsen Al Alaq on Monday to replace him in an attempt to assuage public anger over the currency crisis.

Mr Al Alaq previously led the Central Bank from 2014 to 2020.

The US has been complaining that the dollar is being funnelled to Iran, Syria and Lebanon through a foreign currency auction run by the Central Bank of Iraq. Iran and Syria are under US sanctions.

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Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026

1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years

If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

2. E-invoicing in the UAE

Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption. 

3. More tax audits

Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks. 

4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes. 

7. Limited time periods for audits

Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion. 

8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services

Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations. 

10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer

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