• A picture taken from Muharraq Island shows a sandstorm engulfing the skyline of Bahrain's capital Manama. The Middle East's sandstorms are becoming more frequent and intense, a trend associated with overgrazing and deforestation, overuse of river water and more dams. AFP
    A picture taken from Muharraq Island shows a sandstorm engulfing the skyline of Bahrain's capital Manama. The Middle East's sandstorms are becoming more frequent and intense, a trend associated with overgrazing and deforestation, overuse of river water and more dams. AFP
  • Massive dust and sand storms have descended on the Gulf this week, bringing extraordinarily high levels of dust and pollutants, particularly in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Bahrain's capital Manama (pictured) has been similarly affected. AFP
    Massive dust and sand storms have descended on the Gulf this week, bringing extraordinarily high levels of dust and pollutants, particularly in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Bahrain's capital Manama (pictured) has been similarly affected. AFP
  • Children play outside during a sandstorm on Muharraq Island, north of the Bahraini capital Manama. People in the Mena region are being advised to stay indoors, especially babies and at-risk groups, and to avoid physical exercise. AFP
    Children play outside during a sandstorm on Muharraq Island, north of the Bahraini capital Manama. People in the Mena region are being advised to stay indoors, especially babies and at-risk groups, and to avoid physical exercise. AFP
  • Cars on a highway in the Bahrain Financial Harbour area during a dust storm in the capital Manama. People in the Gulf are accustomed to frequent sand and dust storms and have attached the Arabic word “Shamal”, which means northern, to the phenomenon owing to the direction of the winds. AFP
    Cars on a highway in the Bahrain Financial Harbour area during a dust storm in the capital Manama. People in the Gulf are accustomed to frequent sand and dust storms and have attached the Arabic word “Shamal”, which means northern, to the phenomenon owing to the direction of the winds. AFP
  • Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is obscured by a haze of sand and dust in Abu Dhabi. Winds have reached 40 kilometres an hour in the capital. Victor Besa / The National
    Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is obscured by a haze of sand and dust in Abu Dhabi. Winds have reached 40 kilometres an hour in the capital. Victor Besa / The National
  • The Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre is almost hidden by dust. Visibility was down to a few hundred metres in the city. Victor Besa / The National
    The Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre is almost hidden by dust. Visibility was down to a few hundred metres in the city. Victor Besa / The National
  • Jumeirah Lakes Towers in a hazy Dubai. Pawan Singh / The National
    Jumeirah Lakes Towers in a hazy Dubai. Pawan Singh / The National
  • Strong winds stir up dust and sand in Abu Dhabi. Victor Besa / The National
    Strong winds stir up dust and sand in Abu Dhabi. Victor Besa / The National
  • The Kingdom Centre skyscraper in Riyadh during a dust storm. AFP
    The Kingdom Centre skyscraper in Riyadh during a dust storm. AFP
  • The 302-metre building is almost obscured by dust. AFP
    The 302-metre building is almost obscured by dust. AFP
  • Saudi Arabia's National Centre for Meteorology issued alerts for large parts of the kingdom, including Riyadh and the Eastern Province. AFP
    Saudi Arabia's National Centre for Meteorology issued alerts for large parts of the kingdom, including Riyadh and the Eastern Province. AFP
  • A haze of dust covers Riyadh's skyline. AFP
    A haze of dust covers Riyadh's skyline. AFP
  • Dust storms created hazardous conditions for drivers in Kuwait City, where winds reached 50kph. EPA
    Dust storms created hazardous conditions for drivers in Kuwait City, where winds reached 50kph. EPA
  • A man waits to cross a road in Kuwait City as orange-red dust blows in the air. AFP
    A man waits to cross a road in Kuwait City as orange-red dust blows in the air. AFP
  • Kuwait's Ministry of Interior urged the public to exercise caution as dust severely reduced visibility. AFP
    Kuwait's Ministry of Interior urged the public to exercise caution as dust severely reduced visibility. AFP
  • Schools in Kuwait were closed owing to the weather. AFP
    Schools in Kuwait were closed owing to the weather. AFP
  • Towers in Dubai Marina are hard to see through the dust. Pawan Singh / The National
    Towers in Dubai Marina are hard to see through the dust. Pawan Singh / The National
  • Dubai's Burj Al Arab hotel in the haze. Pawan Singh / The National
    Dubai's Burj Al Arab hotel in the haze. Pawan Singh / The National
  • Beachgoers view a hazy skyline at Palm Jumeirah in Dubai. The conditions appear to be the tail of a storm that covered Iraq. Pawan Singh / The National
    Beachgoers view a hazy skyline at Palm Jumeirah in Dubai. The conditions appear to be the tail of a storm that covered Iraq. Pawan Singh / The National
  • Cars drive on a highway in the Seef district during a dust storm in Bahrain's capital Manama. AFP
    Cars drive on a highway in the Seef district during a dust storm in Bahrain's capital Manama. AFP
  • Cars drive on the main highway during a dust storm in the Bahraini capital Manama. AFP
    Cars drive on the main highway during a dust storm in the Bahraini capital Manama. AFP
  • Haze obscures the dhow harbour in Doha, Qatar, during a heavy dust storm. AFP
    Haze obscures the dhow harbour in Doha, Qatar, during a heavy dust storm. AFP
  • Haze obscures Doha's skyline. AFP
    Haze obscures Doha's skyline. AFP
  • A man covers his face with a scarf in Doha during a heavy dust storm. AFP
    A man covers his face with a scarf in Doha during a heavy dust storm. AFP
  • A sandstorm covers Tehran, Iran. Schools and government offices closed in the Iranian capital and elsewhere in the country. AP Photo
    A sandstorm covers Tehran, Iran. Schools and government offices closed in the Iranian capital and elsewhere in the country. AP Photo
  • Iraqis walk along a street at the Shorja market shrouded in heavy dust in central Baghdad. EPA
    Iraqis walk along a street at the Shorja market shrouded in heavy dust in central Baghdad. EPA
  • People with breathing problems are treated at a hospital during a sandstorm in Baghdad. AP Photo
    People with breathing problems are treated at a hospital during a sandstorm in Baghdad. AP Photo
  • People travel along a street during a sandstorm in Baghdad. AP Photo
    People travel along a street during a sandstorm in Baghdad. AP Photo
  • A patient suffering from breathing problems at a hospital in the city of Nasiriyah in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province. AFP
    A patient suffering from breathing problems at a hospital in the city of Nasiriyah in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province. AFP
  • People walk on a street in Baghdad during a sandstorm. AP
    People walk on a street in Baghdad during a sandstorm. AP
  • A man walks along the Euphrates river in Nasiriyah in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province during a heavy dust storm. AFP
    A man walks along the Euphrates river in Nasiriyah in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province during a heavy dust storm. AFP
  • The dust has affected visibility at Abu Dhabi's Corniche. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
    The dust has affected visibility at Abu Dhabi's Corniche. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
  • Abu Dhabi city is difficult to see through the dust. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
    Abu Dhabi city is difficult to see through the dust. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
  • The Marina Mall area in Abu Dhabi is obscured by the dust. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
    The Marina Mall area in Abu Dhabi is obscured by the dust. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
  • Adnoc headquarters in the capital amid the dust storm. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
    Adnoc headquarters in the capital amid the dust storm. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
  • Qasr Al Watan is obscured by a haze of sand and dust in Abu Dhabi. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
    Qasr Al Watan is obscured by a haze of sand and dust in Abu Dhabi. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
  • Museum of the Future during the dust storm in Dubai. Pawan Singh / The National
    Museum of the Future during the dust storm in Dubai. Pawan Singh / The National
  • Burj Khalifa obscured by the dusty and hazy weather in Dubai. Pawan Singh / The National
    Burj Khalifa obscured by the dusty and hazy weather in Dubai. Pawan Singh / The National
  • Abras on Dubai creek during the dusty weather. Pawan Singh / The National
    Abras on Dubai creek during the dusty weather. Pawan Singh / The National

Why are sandstorms becoming more common in the Middle East?


Ismaeel Naar
  • English
  • Arabic

From Saudi Arabia to Iraq and Kuwait to Iran, sandstorms have been blanketing the Middle East, causing delays to flights, school closures and thousands to be admitted to hospital with breathing difficulties.

The severe weather caused by the strong winds, known as Shamal winds in the Gulf, has led many governments to take proactive measures. These follow warnings from experts that climate change could worsen and lead to more severe weather events in the coming years.

In the UAE, a countrywide weather alert was issued on Wednesday with forecasts of sandstorms and dusty, windy weather. The warning came a day after a dust storm blanketed Abu Dhabi, reducing visibility to only a few hundred metres across the city and causing a major drop in air quality, according to the Air Quality Index.

In Saudi Arabia, about 1,285 people were admitted to hospitals in Riyadh in one day suffering from respiratory problems as a result of the sandstorm.

Iraq experienced the brunt of the storms this week when its eighth dust storm since mid-April descended on Monday. At least 4,000 people were treated at hospitals for breathing problems and the storm has led to the closure of airports, schools and public offices across the country.

Why do Gulf Arabs call dust storms 'Shamal winds'?

People in the Gulf are accustomed to frequent sand and dust storms and have attached the Arabic word “Shamal”, which means northern, to the phenomenon owing to the direction of the winds.

Are increasing temperatures causing sandstorms?

While the exact causes of sand and dust storms are not yet fully known by scientists, many experts point to a correlation with deforestation and desertification to explain why more of these storms have become more frequent in recent years.

Banafsheh Keynoush, a non-resident scholar with the Middle East Institute’s Iran Programme, said sand and dust storms often originated in countries with limited vegetation, where there were fewer barriers to strong winds.

  • A motorist drives a scooter along a bridge in the city of Nasiriyah, Iraq, during a heavy dust storm. AFP
    A motorist drives a scooter along a bridge in the city of Nasiriyah, Iraq, during a heavy dust storm. AFP
  • A man crosses the River Euphrates in Nasiriyah, where the dust storm had reduced visibility severely. AFP
    A man crosses the River Euphrates in Nasiriyah, where the dust storm had reduced visibility severely. AFP
  • Heavy dust in the air in Iraq's capital Baghdad. AFP
    Heavy dust in the air in Iraq's capital Baghdad. AFP
  • A man wears a mask as he rests in a traffic policeman's booth during the storm in Baghdad. Reuters
    A man wears a mask as he rests in a traffic policeman's booth during the storm in Baghdad. Reuters
  • A patient suffering from breathing problems arrives for care at Sheikh Zayed Hospital in Baghdad. AFP
    A patient suffering from breathing problems arrives for care at Sheikh Zayed Hospital in Baghdad. AFP
  • Baghdad's streets were quieter than usual as the dust storm raged. AP
    Baghdad's streets were quieter than usual as the dust storm raged. AP
  • A man wearing a protective mask pushes a cart during the dust storm in Baghdad. AP
    A man wearing a protective mask pushes a cart during the dust storm in Baghdad. AP
  • This man found it hard to see from one side of the bridge to the other as he crossed over the Euphrates. AFP
    This man found it hard to see from one side of the bridge to the other as he crossed over the Euphrates. AFP
  • Dust or sand storms are not unusual in the region but many have hit Baghdad and its surrounding areas in the past few weeks. Reuters
    Dust or sand storms are not unusual in the region but many have hit Baghdad and its surrounding areas in the past few weeks. Reuters
  • Cars drive by a mosque in Baghdad, barely visible due to the storm. Reuters
    Cars drive by a mosque in Baghdad, barely visible due to the storm. Reuters
  • People cross a bridge during a sandstorm in Baghdad. Reuters
    People cross a bridge during a sandstorm in Baghdad. Reuters
  • The storms tend to turn the sky an orange colour. AFP
    The storms tend to turn the sky an orange colour. AFP
  • Dust fills the air in Baghdad. AFP
    Dust fills the air in Baghdad. AFP

“SDSs hit vegetation-poor Kuwait more than three months a year. In comparison, SDSs affect Bahrain 5.6 per cent of the year, Qatar 7.1 per cent and Abu Dhabi 3.9 per cent. Winds in Kuwait carrying sand and dust can also reach 93-109 km per hour, reducing visibility to almost zero,” Ms Keynoush said.

Is water mismanagement in Iran and Iraq to blame?

Experts in the region who have followed the sand and dust storms over the years have said mismanagement of water resources in countries such as Iran and Iraq, where rivers have dried up, has caused an increase in the frequency of such storms hitting the region.

Enric Terradellas, a meteorologist with the World Meteorology Organisation's sand and dust storm prediction centre, told the BBC that the increased frequency of sand storms was directly related to a decrease in the flow of rivers in Iraq and Iran owing to the construction of dams.

“One of the main sources of sand and dust storms is Iraq, where the flow of rivers has decreased because of a race in dam constructions in upstream countries,” Mr Terradellas said.

“That has led to the disappearance of marshes and drying up of lakes both in Iraq and Iran, and the sediments left behind are very important sources of dust in the region.”

  • An aerial view of Iraq's southern city of Nasiriyah during a heavy sandstorm. AFP
    An aerial view of Iraq's southern city of Nasiriyah during a heavy sandstorm. AFP
  • Imam Ali shrine in Najaf. Iraq awoke to its fifth sandstorm within a month on Thursday. AFP
    Imam Ali shrine in Najaf. Iraq awoke to its fifth sandstorm within a month on Thursday. AFP
  • Hundreds of Iraqis with respiratory problems were admitted to hospital as a result of the sandstorm. AP
    Hundreds of Iraqis with respiratory problems were admitted to hospital as a result of the sandstorm. AP
  • Authorities urged Iraqis to stay indoors. AP
    Authorities urged Iraqis to stay indoors. AP
  • Flights were suspended for several hours on Thursday. AP
    Flights were suspended for several hours on Thursday. AP
  • Hospitals struggled to cope with the influx of patients with respiratory problems. AP
    Hospitals struggled to cope with the influx of patients with respiratory problems. AP
  • Recent sandstorms have turned the skies over Iraq orange and coated cities with dust. AFP
    Recent sandstorms have turned the skies over Iraq orange and coated cities with dust. AFP
  • Iraqis pray at the Imam Ali shrine during the sandstorm. AFP
    Iraqis pray at the Imam Ali shrine during the sandstorm. AFP
  • Iraq is prone to seasonal sandstorms but experts are worried about their increasing frequency in recent years. AFP
    Iraq is prone to seasonal sandstorms but experts are worried about their increasing frequency in recent years. AFP
  • Dust fills the air during a sandstorm in Baghdad. AFP
    Dust fills the air during a sandstorm in Baghdad. AFP
  • A deserted road during a spring sandstorm in Baghdad. AFP
    A deserted road during a spring sandstorm in Baghdad. AFP
  • Traffic was light because of the poor visibility. AFP
    Traffic was light because of the poor visibility. AFP
  • More poor visibility during a sandstorm in the city of Nasiriyah in Dhi Qar province, Iraq. AFP
    More poor visibility during a sandstorm in the city of Nasiriyah in Dhi Qar province, Iraq. AFP
  • Drivers were forced to slow down in Nasiriyah. AFP
    Drivers were forced to slow down in Nasiriyah. AFP
  • Cars on a road as a sandstorm hits Baghdad, Iraq. Reuters
    Cars on a road as a sandstorm hits Baghdad, Iraq. Reuters
  • The area is prone to sandstorms, which can reduce visibility to a few hundred metres. Reuters
    The area is prone to sandstorms, which can reduce visibility to a few hundred metres. Reuters
  • Sandstorms often lead to all flights from Baghdad being cancelled. Reuters
    Sandstorms often lead to all flights from Baghdad being cancelled. Reuters
  • The sandstorms can cause breathing difficulties for residents. Reuters
    The sandstorms can cause breathing difficulties for residents. Reuters
  • Iraq's Meteorological Authority this week said the country was under a North African depression, known locally as ‘khamaseen’. Reuters
    Iraq's Meteorological Authority this week said the country was under a North African depression, known locally as ‘khamaseen’. Reuters
  • The sandstorm turns the Baghdad sky orange. Reuters
    The sandstorm turns the Baghdad sky orange. Reuters

What are the effects of dust storms and are there benefits?

While dust storms have affected health and economies in the region, some experts also say the sand and dust storms carry nutrients from the Sahara.

“In this region, we encounter dust storms frequently and people usually associate dust with cars covered with dirt or reduced visibility,” said Cecile Guieu, a visiting scientist at New York University Abu Dhabi’s Centre for Prototype Climate Modelling.

“Dust contains nutrients and these small particles have a very positive impact for microscopic plant-like organisms called phytoplankton that live in the ocean.”

Trees are planted to form a "green belt" around the Iraqi city of Karbala as part of an initiative to tackle desertification and sand storms. Reuters
Trees are planted to form a "green belt" around the Iraqi city of Karbala as part of an initiative to tackle desertification and sand storms. Reuters

What are governments doing to change it?

Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has said $13 billion is lost each year across the region due to dust storms.

To counter that, he announced the Green Saudi Initiative and Green Middle East Initiative last March to reduce carbon emissions by 60 per cent in the region and plant 50 billion trees in the world’s biggest afforestation project.

In the UAE, there has been investment in new technology to help the country to better equip itself for potential dust storms after Masdar Institute of Science and Technology announced the launch of its real-time dust storm forecasting system in 2016.

“This is a turning point in the region’s ability to properly manage the impacts of dust storms. With access to an accurate forecast of dust events and sandstorms, people can better prepare for them,” Dr Hosni Ghedira, director of the Research Centre for Renewable Energy Mapping and Assessment and professor of practice at Masdar Institute, said at the time.

Company%C2%A0profile
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDate%20started%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMay%202022%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EHusam%20Aboul%20Hosn%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDIFC%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFinTech%20%E2%80%94%20Innovation%20Hub%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EEmployees%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3Eeight%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3Epre-seed%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3Epre-seed%20funding%20raised%20from%20family%20and%20friends%20earlier%20this%20year%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs
Engine: 77.4kW all-wheel-drive dual motor
Power: 320bhp
Torque: 605Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Price: From Dh219,000
On sale: Now
Specs%20
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%20train%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E4.0-litre%20twin-turbo%20V8%20and%20synchronous%20electric%20motor%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EMax%20power%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E800hp%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EMax%20torque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E950Nm%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EEight-speed%20auto%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBattery%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E25.7kWh%20lithium-ion%3Cbr%3E0-100km%2Fh%3A%203.4sec%3Cbr%3E0-200km%2Fh%3A%2011.4sec%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETop%20speed%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E312km%2Fh%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EMax%20electric-only%20range%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2060km%20(claimed)%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Q3%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFrom%20Dh1.2m%20(estimate)%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs
 
Engine: 3.0-litre six-cylinder turbo
Power: 398hp from 5,250rpm
Torque: 580Nm at 1,900-4,800rpm
Transmission: Eight-speed auto
Fuel economy, combined: 6.5L/100km
On sale: December
Price: From Dh330,000 (estimate)
Moving%20Out%202
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeveloper%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20SMG%20Studio%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPublisher%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Team17%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EConsoles%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Nintendo%20Switch%2C%20PlayStation%204%26amp%3B5%2C%20PC%20and%20Xbox%20One%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%204%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The biog

Age: 19 

Profession: medical student at UAE university 

Favourite book: The Ocean at The End of The Lane by Neil Gaiman

Role model: Parents, followed by Fazza (Shiekh Hamdan bin Mohammed)

Favourite poet: Edger Allen Poe 

How the bonus system works

The two riders are among several riders in the UAE to receive the top payment of £10,000 under the Thank You Fund of £16 million (Dh80m), which was announced in conjunction with Deliveroo's £8 billion (Dh40bn) stock market listing earlier this year.

The £10,000 (Dh50,000) payment is made to those riders who have completed the highest number of orders in each market.

There are also riders who will receive payments of £1,000 (Dh5,000) and £500 (Dh2,500).

All riders who have worked with Deliveroo for at least one year and completed 2,000 orders will receive £200 (Dh1,000), the company said when it announced the scheme.

Green ambitions
  • Trees: 1,500 to be planted, replacing 300 felled ones, with veteran oaks protected
  • Lake: Brown's centrepiece to be cleaned of silt that makes it as shallow as 2.5cm
  • Biodiversity: Bat cave to be added and habitats designed for kingfishers and little grebes
  • Flood risk: Longer grass, deeper lake, restored ponds and absorbent paths all meant to siphon off water 
In-demand jobs and monthly salaries
  • Technology expert in robotics and automation: Dh20,000 to Dh40,000 
  • Energy engineer: Dh25,000 to Dh30,000 
  • Production engineer: Dh30,000 to Dh40,000 
  • Data-driven supply chain management professional: Dh30,000 to Dh50,000 
  • HR leader: Dh40,000 to Dh60,000 
  • Engineering leader: Dh30,000 to Dh55,000 
  • Project manager: Dh55,000 to Dh65,000 
  • Senior reservoir engineer: Dh40,000 to Dh55,000 
  • Senior drilling engineer: Dh38,000 to Dh46,000 
  • Senior process engineer: Dh28,000 to Dh38,000 
  • Senior maintenance engineer: Dh22,000 to Dh34,000 
  • Field engineer: Dh6,500 to Dh7,500
  • Field supervisor: Dh9,000 to Dh12,000
  • Field operator: Dh5,000 to Dh7,000
If you go

The flights

There are direct flights from Dubai to Sofia with FlyDubai (www.flydubai.com) and Wizz Air (www.wizzair.com), from Dh1,164 and Dh822 return including taxes, respectively.

The trip

Plovdiv is 150km from Sofia, with an hourly bus service taking around 2 hours and costing $16 (Dh58). The Rhodopes can be reached from Sofia in between 2-4hours.

The trip was organised by Bulguides (www.bulguides.com), which organises guided trips throughout Bulgaria. Guiding, accommodation, food and transfers from Plovdiv to the mountains and back costs around 170 USD for a four-day, three-night trip.

 

How does ToTok work?

The calling app is available to download on Google Play and Apple App Store

To successfully install ToTok, users are asked to enter their phone number and then create a nickname.

The app then gives users the option add their existing phone contacts, allowing them to immediately contact people also using the application by video or voice call or via message.

Users can also invite other contacts to download ToTok to allow them to make contact through the app.

 

Results

5pm Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 1,400m

Winner No Riesgo Al Maury, Szczepan Mazur (jockey), Ibrahim Al Hadhrami (trainer)

5.30pm Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 1,600m

Winner Marwa W’Rsan, Sam Hitchcott, Jaci Wickham.

6pm Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 1,600m

Winner Dahess D’Arabie, Al Moatasem Al Balushi, Helal Al Alawi.

6.30pm Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 2,200m

Winner Safin Al Reef, Connor Beasley, Abdallah Al Hammadi.

7pm Wathba Stallions Cup Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 2,200m

Winner Thulbaseera Al Jasra, Shakir Al Balushi, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami.

7.30pm Maiden (TB) Dh 80,000 2,200m

Winner Autumn Pride, Szczepan Mazur, Helal Al Alawi.

TEACHERS' PAY - WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Pay varies significantly depending on the school, its rating and the curriculum. Here's a rough guide as of January 2021:

- top end schools tend to pay Dh16,000-17,000 a month - plus a monthly housing allowance of up to Dh6,000. These tend to be British curriculum schools rated 'outstanding' or 'very good', followed by American schools

- average salary across curriculums and skill levels is about Dh10,000, recruiters say

- it is becoming more common for schools to provide accommodation, sometimes in an apartment block with other teachers, rather than hand teachers a cash housing allowance

- some strong performing schools have cut back on salaries since the pandemic began, sometimes offering Dh16,000 including the housing allowance, which reflects the slump in rental costs, and sheer demand for jobs

- maths and science teachers are most in demand and some schools will pay up to Dh3,000 more than other teachers in recognition of their technical skills

- at the other end of the market, teachers in some Indian schools, where fees are lower and competition among applicants is intense, can be paid as low as Dh3,000 per month

- in Indian schools, it has also become common for teachers to share residential accommodation, living in a block with colleagues

Updated: June 02, 2022, 7:25 PM