The Fifa World Cup has a history as diverse as it is enthralling. Teams from across the globe nurture dreams of having their national colours splashed across screens in every corner.
Of all the moving parts that come together to make a World Cup dream possible, nothing is more important than the football itself. The match ball is no longer made of panels of leather stitched together by hand. Instead, cutting edge 3D technology and space age materials go into building the latest balls that are lighter and faster than the previous versions.
The ball, like the World Cup, has come a long way. Below is history of the Fifa World Cup match ball, starting from the first one in 1930 to the one that will be used in Qatar. Information sourced from Fifa, among others.
1930 World Cup, Uruguay
The iconic 'T Model' was made of high quality leather with 12 panels, including a 'T' shaped one which gave the ball its name. Arch rivals Uruguay and Argentina had been allowed to play their matches with their own ball. In the final, a compromise could not be arrived at. In the title match at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, two different balls were used. Argentina supplied the first-half ball - known as the 'Tiento' – and led 2-1 at the break. Thereafter, hosts Uruguay played the second-half ball with their own 'T-Model', which was larger and heavier and won 4-2.
1954 World Cup, Switzerland
The 'Swiss World Champion' match ball was the first to have 18 panels with zigzag edges that were interlocked. The ball was completely hand sewn and did not have laces. Also, the ball was no longer dark brown, but a distinctive yellow which made the ball visible in rain and mud.
1966 World Cup, England
The 'Challenge', by Slazenger, was made of high quality leather and had 25 rectangular panels. It was an ideal spherical shape and the composition was used for many years. The World Cup match ball came in three colours - yellow, white, and orange.
1970 World Cup, Mexico
Adidas became the official supplier of footballs for Fifa World Cups in 1970, and have been doing so since. It was the first World Cup to be broadcast live on television. Therefore, the first black and white ball was introduced as the contrast helped visibility on TV. The 'Telstar' had a special plastic coating that made it more durable and waterproof.
1986 World Cup, Mexico
A major shift in football technology. The 'Azteca' was the first ball made of synthetic materials. It was coated with polyurethane, which made it water resistant and helped maintain its performance on hard and wet surfaces. The ball was also the first to include designs inspired by the host nation.
2002 World Cup, South Korea and Japan
The move from the old to the new had started at the turn of the century. The 'Fevernova' was made up of thicker inner layers to increase accuracy of the ball in flight. It was the last World Cup ball put together by hand.
2006 World Cup, Germany
A new design that no longer consisted of 32 panels. A smoother surface with reduced number of joints was made possible with the use of just 14 panels. The design of 'Teamgeist' improved accuracy.
2010 World Cup, South Africa
The 'Jabulani' was one of the more controversial balls used at the finals. It had eight thermally bonded 3D panels that were 'spherically fused' for the first time. It was said to be more round and accurate than its predecessors. However, players did not like it much as the ball shifted trajectory in the air during long-range shots, making it unpredictable.
2018 World Cup, Russia
Technology was at the centre of the design for 'Telstar 18'. The ball had a chip embedded in it, which could be connected to a smart phone and provide key information regarding play. For the knockout stages, the Telstar Mechta was used.
2022 World Cup, Qatar
The first World Cup in the Gulf region will be played using the 'Al Rihla' ball - the world’s first football made with water-based inks and glues. It makes is most environmentally friendly World Cup ball ever made. The ball has a textured polyurethane skin with a thermally bonded seamless construction. According to Fifa, the ball will travel faster than all of its predecessors. 'Al Rihla' means “the journey” in Arabic.
Also, the match ball will have a sensor placed inside it, which will allow accurate decision making through semi-automated offside technology. Data from the ball will help decide the precise kick point, which will be relayed to the control room and - combined with data from tracking cameras - produce accurate offside calls.
How much does the World Cup match ball weigh?
The World Cup 2022 ball weighs approximately 420 grams.
How much does the ball cost?
The 'Al Rihla' Pro ball is available on adidas' website for Dh649.
How does ToTok work?
The calling app is available to download on Google Play and Apple App Store
To successfully install ToTok, users are asked to enter their phone number and then create a nickname.
The app then gives users the option add their existing phone contacts, allowing them to immediately contact people also using the application by video or voice call or via message.
Users can also invite other contacts to download ToTok to allow them to make contact through the app.
Results:
Men's wheelchair 800m T34: 1. Walid Ktila (TUN) 1.44.79; 2. Mohammed Al Hammadi (UAE) 1.45.88; 3. Isaac Towers (GBR) 1.46.46.
Super 30
Produced: Sajid Nadiadwala and Phantom Productions
Directed: Vikas Bahl
Cast: Hrithik Roshan, Pankaj Tripathi, Aditya Srivastav, Mrinal Thakur
Rating: 3.5 /5
The five pillars of Islam
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Avatar: Fire and Ash
Director: James Cameron
Starring: Sam Worthington, Sigourney Weaver, Zoe Saldana
Rating: 4.5/5
UK’s AI plan
- AI ambassadors such as MIT economist Simon Johnson, Monzo cofounder Tom Blomfield and Google DeepMind’s Raia Hadsell
- £10bn AI growth zone in South Wales to create 5,000 jobs
- £100m of government support for startups building AI hardware products
- £250m to train new AI models
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Sole survivors
- Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
- George Lamson Jr, from Minnesota, was on a Galaxy Airlines flight that crashed in Reno in 1985, killing 68 people. His entire seat was launched out of the plane
- Bahia Bakari, then 12, survived when a Yemenia Airways flight crashed near the Comoros in 2009, killing 152. She was found clinging to wreckage after floating in the ocean for 13 hours.
- Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
VEZEETA PROFILE
Date started: 2012
Founder: Amir Barsoum
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: HealthTech / MedTech
Size: 300 employees
Funding: $22.6 million (as of September 2018)
Investors: Technology Development Fund, Silicon Badia, Beco Capital, Vostok New Ventures, Endeavour Catalyst, Crescent Enterprises’ CE-Ventures, Saudi Technology Ventures and IFC
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At a glance
- 20,000 new jobs for Emiratis over three years
- Dh300 million set aside to train 18,000 jobseekers in new skills
- Managerial jobs in government restricted to Emiratis
- Emiratis to get priority for 160 types of job in private sector
- Portion of VAT revenues will fund more graduate programmes
- 8,000 Emirati graduates to do 6-12 month replacements in public or private sector on a Dh10,000 monthly wage - 40 per cent of which will be paid by government
The Good Liar
Starring: Helen Mirren, Ian McKellen
Directed by: Bill Condon
Three out of five stars
German intelligence warnings
- 2002: "Hezbollah supporters feared becoming a target of security services because of the effects of [9/11] ... discussions on Hezbollah policy moved from mosques into smaller circles in private homes." Supporters in Germany: 800
- 2013: "Financial and logistical support from Germany for Hezbollah in Lebanon supports the armed struggle against Israel ... Hezbollah supporters in Germany hold back from actions that would gain publicity." Supporters in Germany: 950
- 2023: "It must be reckoned with that Hezbollah will continue to plan terrorist actions outside the Middle East against Israel or Israeli interests." Supporters in Germany: 1,250
Source: Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
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