Enthusiasm - and fear - in Tunisia's democratic experiment



It has been 10 months since the former president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, fled my country, and the stage is now set for citizens to determine Tunisia's fate. This Sunday, a new generation of young Tunisians will experience a taste of democracy for the first time. The question is whether real change, or more of the same, awaits us.

"No one denies that our country is trying to overcome a sort of postrevolutionary instability," one prospective voter told me. But, "voting has complicated this rocky transition".

Part of the challenge has been sorting through the extraordinary number of choices. Over 100 new political parties were formed after the revolution, an overwhelming if thrilling landscape for Tunisians to navigate. Feelings of fear and uncertainty are rampant.

Indeed, many of us are tired of this massive number of political groups. As one friend noted, many of these parties are unknown. "Each day you walk down the street and are bombarded with flyers whose labels and mottos are unbelievably weird."

Candidates have adopted new ways to propagate their campaigns beyond traditional flyers and handouts. Some have rented fashionable cars, decorating them with the symbols of their party. Other candidates have relied on young people to hand out and post flyers. It is common for cars to be blaring the horns as people wave their party flag out of the window. Supporters have flocked to schools, malls and street corners to raise awareness.

And yet, only a few of these parties have significant public support. Beyond Ennahda and Congress for the Republic, the rest are untested.

This is quite an exciting time for my country - Tunisians are not used to being "free". But our exultation is mixed with the fear of the unknown. It is now up to us, the people, to determine the fate of our country and effect the entire Arab world. Indeed, new opportunity has revived old challenges, among them the unavoidable scare of Islamophobia.

During the last two weeks of campaigning for Constituent Assembly elections, many people have voiced deep anxiety over the weight of Islamist parties. These people are not optimistic that a secular government will emerge; they claim that Ennahda's "alleged" moderation is a cover for extremist views.

Women, in particular, fear polygamy will become common, and worry about losing their right to work. Islamist protests in recent days, including some that turned violent, have not helped.

Ennahda, for its part, claims loyalty to both democratic principles and Islam. "Ennahda espouses a mild form of Islam; I don't know why many people are worried about its weight," one party member told me. "All the values of democracy and modernity are respected. We are not extremists."

Polls show that it is the Islamist party, banned under Ben Ali's regime, that is leading. Yet other polls indicated that many Tunisians still believe that Islam should remain a private practice.

As Tunisians like myself prepare for our first election day, perhaps the biggest concern is what will not change. In truth, many people do not expect too much from this process. That is why many of my friends do not wish to see any political party having a majority in writing the constitution.

The biggest obstacle of all may be the lack of transparency in the process. This concern traces back to previous electoral fraud perpetrated by the former regime. "What the citizens sincerely hope for is no return of the famous 99 per cent of voices for one political party, which used to be incredibly odd and illogical," another voter said. "This time we are looking impatiently for honesty and trustworthiness."

Indeed, transparency will encourage civic participation. For that reason, a huge campaign called "I watch" has been created to monitor the elections. It calls on citizens to stay alert and observe the election rules closely so that manipulation and impropriety do not influence the vote.

Ten months after Ben Ali fled, Tunisians have an opportunity to show the Arab world what is possible. All we have to do now is take it.

Khawla Bouyahya is a student at the Universite de la Manouba in Tunisia

BRAZIL SQUAD

Alisson (Liverpool), Daniel Fuzato (Roma), Ederson (Man City); Alex Sandro (Juventus), Danilo (Juventus), Eder Militao (Real Madrid), Emerson (Real Betis), Felipe (Atletico Madrid), Marquinhos (PSG), Renan Lodi (Atletico Madrid), Thiago Silva (PSG); Arthur (Barcelona), Casemiro (Real Madrid), Douglas Luiz (Aston Villa), Fabinho (Liverpool), Lucas Paqueta (AC Milan), Philippe Coutinho (Bayern Munich); David Neres (Ajax), Gabriel Jesus (Man City), Richarlison (Everton), Roberto Firmino (Liverpool), Rodrygo (Real Madrid), Willian (Chelsea).

The specs
Engine: 4.0-litre flat-six
Power: 510hp at 9,000rpm
Torque: 450Nm at 6,100rpm
Transmission: 7-speed PDK auto or 6-speed manual
Fuel economy, combined: 13.8L/100km
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New process leads to panic among jobseekers

As a UAE-based travel agent who processes tourist visas from the Philippines, Jennifer Pacia Gado is fielding a lot of calls from concerned travellers just now. And they are all asking the same question.  

“My clients are mostly Filipinos, and they [all want to know] about good conduct certificates,” says the 34-year-old Filipina, who has lived in the UAE for five years.

Ms Gado contacted the Philippines Embassy to get more information on the certificate so she can share it with her clients. She says many are worried about the process and associated costs – which could be as high as Dh500 to obtain and attest a good conduct certificate from the Philippines for jobseekers already living in the UAE. 

“They are worried about this because when they arrive here without the NBI [National Bureau of Investigation] clearance, it is a hassle because it takes time,” she says.

“They need to go first to the embassy to apply for the application of the NBI clearance. After that they have go to the police station [in the UAE] for the fingerprints. And then they will apply for the special power of attorney so that someone can finish the process in the Philippines. So it is a long process and more expensive if you are doing it from here.”

How to wear a kandura

Dos

  • Wear the right fabric for the right season and occasion 
  • Always ask for the dress code if you don’t know
  • Wear a white kandura, white ghutra / shemagh (headwear) and black shoes for work 
  • Wear 100 per cent cotton under the kandura as most fabrics are polyester

Don’ts 

  • Wear hamdania for work, always wear a ghutra and agal 
  • Buy a kandura only based on how it feels; ask questions about the fabric and understand what you are buying
How to get there

Emirates (www.emirates.com) flies directly to Hanoi, Vietnam, with fares starting from around Dh2,725 return, while Etihad (www.etihad.com) fares cost about Dh2,213 return with a stop. Chuong is 25 kilometres south of Hanoi.
 

A State of Passion

Directors: Carol Mansour and Muna Khalidi

Stars: Dr Ghassan Abu-Sittah

Rating: 4/5