Extreme heat due to climate change will make it “impossible” to hold the Olympics during the summer months, a new study has revealed.
Athletes have been working with climate scientists and heat physiologists from the University of Portsmouth to assess the threat warming temperatures could pose.
It comes amid fears of dangerous conditions at this year’s Paris Games, which start next month.
In a report, published on Tuesday, scientists warn that intense heat could lead to competitors collapsing and, in worst-case scenarios, dying.
One of the report’s recommendations includes changing the traditional schedules of competitions, so that they take place in cooler months or cooler times of the day.
Dr Jo Corbett, Associate Professor of Environmental Physiology at the University of Portsmouth, told The National that climate change will continue to impact the Olympics.
"The Olympics in Paris has the potential to be really challenging in terms of the conditions and some of those involved will experience heat and solar radiation," he said.
"It will be hard for the athletes, spectators and officials depending on the event and the exposure they will encounter.
"In the extreme, there is the potential for adverse health consequences in the short and long term. In the shorter term they could experience heat illnesses and longer term heat stroke associated illnesses.
"In future Olympics organisers will have to think about when and where the games are held particularly with regards to the risks to athletes and put in place as much protections as possible, such as shade and holding events inside.
"It could see it being impossible to hold the Olympics in summer in some areas going forward. There are already parts of the world where it cannot be held. The performance the athletes are performing at will decrease as the planet warms."
Senior research associate at Climate Central, Kaitlyn Trudeau, said that extreme heat combined with humidity means the body struggles to cool down, which can lead to heat-stress on bodies, dizziness, exhaustion and heat stroke.
“Without concerted efforts to reduce carbon emissions there’s no doubt that the Earth’s temperatures are on a trajectory that will make it nearly impossible, if not completely impossible, to host summer Olympics,” she said.
Samuel Mattis, a discus thrower on the American Olympic team, said hot conditions disrupted the Olympic track and field trials in 2021, which eventually had to take place in the evening, even though it was still around 30C.
“I think in a lot of places, in the US and around the world, summertime competitions unless they’re held in the middle of the night are going to become essentially impossible,” he said.
Jamie Farndale, a Team GB rugby sevens player, said that extreme heat “takes a lot away from you” as you play.
“I found myself in these conditions where you’re literally trying to get through the next phase of play, your hands are sweaty, you (can only) concentrate on catching the ball so I think it makes a worse game. It’s also dangerous," he said.
The British player said he wanted the sports sector to sound an “alarm bell” to prevent warming, as well as look at adaptation methods, such as moving schedules.
“We need to fight for every tenth of a degree that we possibly can,” he said.
The climate researchers looked at how temperatures have changed since the Olympics were last hosted in Paris and France a century ago in 1924, with analysis suggesting an average 3.1C warming for those weeks in July and August.
They found a heightened risk of extreme heat at the Paris Games this year, citing the deadly heatwave in France in 2003 – which killed more than 14,000 people – and subsequent years of record-breaking temperatures, exceeding 42°C.
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French swimmer Florent Manaudou carries the Olympic flame as it arrives on Wednesday at Marseille port, France. Getty Images -
French rapper Julien 'Jul' Marie lights the Olympic and Paralympic Torch Relays cauldron at the Old Port in Marseille. AFP -
Jul holds the Olympic Torch next to Manaudou during the arrival ceremony. AFP -
The Patrouille de France aerobatics team leave a tricolour trail of smoke as the Belem, the three-masted sailing ship bringing the Olympic flame from Greece, enters the Old Port in Marseille on Wednesday. AP -
Fireworks erupt at the Old Port during the arrival ceremony. AFP -
Fireworks follow in the wake of the French 19th century barque Belem as it arrives in the Old Port of Marseille with the Olympic Flame. AFP -
The three-masted Belem enters the Old Port in Marseille, southern France. AP -
Crowds watch the Belem's arrival from Greece. AP -
The Belem enters the Old Port on Wednesday. AP -
Crowds watch the welcoming ceremony for the Belem and the Olympic Flame in Marseille. AP -
French President Emmanuel Macron and Minister for Sports and Olympics Amelie Oudea-Castera meet Olympics federation officials and French sailing team managers in Marseille. AFP -
And here it is ... the flame remains lit! AFP -
The Olympic torch has arrived in France. Getty Images -
The Belem carried the Olympic flame into Marseille. AFP -
The arrival was met with a parade of boats in the Mediterranean of France's southern coast. AFP -
The nation is getting geared up to host the Olympic Games in summer. AFP -
It is now only 79 days until the opening ceremony takes place in Paris. AFP -
The torch will now complete its 12,000km journey by being carried through mainland France. AFP -
Tony Estanguet, president of the Paris 2024 Olympics and Paralympics Organising Committee, greets the French 19th-century three-masted Belem on its arrival. AFP -
The Olympic 'Phryge' mascot makes an appearance. AFP -
A French flag is unfurled as the excitement builds. AFP -
The Mucem museum offers an ideal vantage point from which to see the Belem sailing into Marseille. AP -
France is now gripped with Olympic fever. AFP
It comes after the Tokyo Games in 2020 became known as the “hottest in history”, with temperatures exceeding 34°C and humidity reaching nearly 70 per cent.
Pragnya Mohan, the highest-ranking triathlete in Indian history, said she can no longer train in her home country because of the heat.
She said sponsors want “more visibility” so events tend to be held in the afternoons for maximum public turnout, meaning she has competed in “extremely dangerous” conditions, when temperatures were 40°C-plus and humidity was 80 per cent-plus.
The report produced by the British Association for Sustainable Sport and FrontRunners outlined five recommendations to better support and protect athletes from extreme heat.
Alongside smarter scheduling to avoid heat extremes, these were urging sporting authorities to introduce better rehydration and cooling plans for athletes, empowering athletes to speak out on climate change, boosting collaboration between sporting bodies and athletes on climate awareness campaigns, and reassessing fossil fuel sponsorship in sport.
Lord Sebastian Coe, president of World Athletics and four-time Olympic medallist, said climate change should be viewed as a threat to sports.
“For athletes, from smaller performance-impacting issues like sleep disruption and last-minute changes to event timings, to exacerbated health impacts and heat-related stress and injury, the consequences can be varied and wide-ranging," he said.
“With global temperatures continuing to rise, climate change should increasingly be viewed as an existential threat to sport.”
Other athletes involved in the report were Hannah Mills, British Olympic sailing champion, Imogen Grant, British Olympic rower, Eliza McCartney, a New Zealand bronze Olympic medallist in pole vault, Kelsey-Lee Barber, Australian Olympic bronze medallist in javelin, Rhydian Cowley, an Australian Olympic racewalker, Ajla Del Ponte, a Swiss Olympic springer, Elena Vallortigara, Italian high jump Olympian, Morten Thorsby, a Norwegian footballer, Jenny Casson, a Canadian Olympic rower, and Katie Rood, a New Zealand football player.
A second study, by AXA Climate and Sport 1.5, published on Monday, has also revealed several events will also not be able to take place as before due to global warming.
It has found that currently there are on average 26 days per year where the temperature feels uncomfortable for amateur sports, taking into account the actual temperature and relative humidity. By 2050, this number will reach 55 days.
By 2050, it said the marathon being held in Paris would be called into question.
"In August 2050, maximum temperatures will exceed 28°C for 12 days, double compared to today. This threshold represents risks for the health and performance of athletes," it said.
"Additionally, marathon runners could see their performance decrease by at least 3% to 4% while running in these conditions."
