The US Department of Justice has removed public access to emails, charts and internal presentations from Alphabet’s Google that had come out as evidence in its antitrust case against the tech titan.
Google had challenged the government’s posting of the documents online, and the court was sympathetic to its concerns. The result is a trial that will be much more difficult for the public to follow than the widely watched antitrust case against Microsoft in the 1990s.
The trial, which is expected to last 10 weeks, offers a rare look at the inner workings of one of the most influential businesses of the modern era.
As the Justice Department presented its case, it published exhibits used in court, which were not otherwise accessible to the public apart from in-person attendance. The site included a section on trial exhibits with links to the documents; those links have since been removed.
Google itself has also routinely made trial materials public after several days of court hearings, including the full presentation from its opening statement.
Judge Amit Mehta, who is presiding over the trial, said he would make a ruling on the public’s access to evidence presented in court on Wednesday, the exhibits remain offline and the court hasn’t said when or whether they will be reposted.
A Justice Department spokeswoman declined to comment on when exhibits might be again made available.
The court exhibits are likely to eventually become part of the public record – which Google took issue with, saying that, for instance, employees’ email addresses or phone numbers would be revealed.
It’s a far cry from the Microsoft trial in the late '90s when every major news organisation covered the hearings daily.
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Google founders Sergey Brin, left, and Larry Page at the company's HQ in Mountain View, California, in 2003. Getty Images -
Employees working in the office, dubbed the 'Googleplex', in 2003. Getty Images -
Google's closing share price is displayed in Times Square, New York City, on the company's first day of public trading in August 2004. Getty Images -
Sergey Brin and Larry Page at the opening of the Frankfurt book fair in 2004. Getty Images -
An employee rides his new Google-branded bike in 2007 in London. Google improved its green credentials by offering all staff a free bike to ride to work. Getty Images -
A Google Street View camera car makes its way through London in 2008, creating innovative mapping. Getty Images -
Google launches the Street View Trike at Stonehenge in Wiltshire in 2009. The British public voted for the top 6 tourist attractions they wished to be photographed by the tricycle. Getty Images -
The official opening party of Berlin's Google offices in 2012. Getty Images -
Trying out the wearable tech 'Google Glass' in Berlin, 2014. Getty Images -
South Korean professional Go player Lee Se-dol, right, prepares for his match against Google's AI programme, AlphaGo, during the Google DeepMind challenge match in Seoul, 2016. Getty Images -
The new Google Home Hub displayed at a Google hardware launch event in London in 2018. Getty Images -
A Noogler hat, given to each new employee, displayed at the Google Search 20th Anniversary Event in San Francisco in 2018. AFP -
From left, bosses Philipp Justus, Sundar Pichai and Annette Kroeber-Riel at the opening of the Berlin representation of Google Germany in 2019. Getty Images -
Ivy Goodall, 11, meets with her teacher and her classmates in Google Classroom for the first lessons of term while in Covid-19 lockdown from her home in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2020. Getty Images -
A driver using Google Maps to navigate towards London in 2021. Getty Images -
Dr Erik Lucero, lead engineer of Google Quantum AI, leads a media tour of campus in Goleta, California in 2022. AFP -
Workers leave Google’s Bay View campus in Mountain View in 2022. AFP -
A man carries a Google Street View Trekker backpack in Berlin in 2023. Getty Images -
The new Google Pixel Fold phone on display at an I/O developers' conference in Mountain View, 2023. AFP
Back then, Microsoft was unmatched as a tech company, and its chairman, Bill Gates, was a household name. That trial, which lasted over eight months, saw news outlets giving the proceedings about as much scrutiny as the Clinton impeachment.
When a federal appeals court agreed in 1999 to make Mr Gates’ deposition public, it was seen as a win for the public’s right to information.
On Tuesday, the Justice Department sought to offer notes that Michael Roszak, Google’s vice president for finance, had made during a July 2017 training Google offered on communications. Among the notes, Mr Roszak wrote: “Google is able to ignore demand and focus on supply.”
Mr Roszak began giving evidence about the document in open court saying the statements in it were “full of hyperbole and exaggeration”.
Google objected to including the document as an exhibit, saying it wasn’t relevant to the case.
“Just so we understand what’s at stake here, every document they push into evidence they post on their website, and it gets picked up far and wide,” Google lawyer John Schmidtlein said in his objection. “This isn’t a business record, and it’s totally irrelevant to these proceedings.”
The judge said he was surprised to discover the Justice Department had been posting exhibits on their website, though he acknowledged that “once it’s admitted into evidence, in fairness, it is a public document”.
“That’s something I wish I’d been told,” Judge Mehta said. “I think a judge is told before evidence in the record is actually put on a publicly available website.”
Kenneth Dintzer, a government lawyer, quickly apologised. The Justice Department then removed all the exhibits that had previously been made public.
On Wednesday morning, Judge Mehta met with Mr Schmidtlein and the lead lawyers for the Justice Department and the states in his private chambers. The court then met in a closed session to continue to hear Mr Roszak giving evidence.
At the end of the day, Google lawyer Edward Bennett repeated the argument that the document, written by Mr Roszak, shouldn’t be admitted.
Judge Mehta ruled that the exhibit would be admitted, expressing frustration that Google had put him “in a pickle” since it insisted the evidence that would have provided context be held in closed session.
“This doesn’t contain anything confidential,” he said. “I understand it’s somewhat embarrassing for the witness.”
Neither Judge Mehta, Google nor the Justice Department said anything in court on Wednesday about when or where future exhibits in the trial would be made available.
Exhibits provided by Google or the Justice Department downloaded before their removal on Tuesday:
Google Exhibit – Excerpt of DX440
Gov Exhibit – UPX0001 – Google presentation- Google Search Ads 101 (April 17, 2020)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0076 – Google presentation – Search Entry points on Android (September 28, 2016)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0123 – Google presentation – On Strategic Value of Default Home Page to Google (March 27, 2007)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0134 – Email from Tim Carter (Google), to Chris Barton (Google) Re Platforms (April 28, 2011)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0178 – Email from UDI Manber (Google) to Hal Varian (Google), Re scale (August 26, 2009)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0184 – Email from Hal Varian (Google) to Dana Wagner (Google), Re FWD Time Mag article on Bing (August 26, 2009)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0314 – Email from Jim Kolotourus (Google, to Christopher Li (Google) Re Google search powering in-app search on device (June 10, 2020)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0452 – Email from Hal Varian (Google) to David Stallibras (Fingleton), Re passing along ad prices (September 9, 2020)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0461 – Email from Jerry Dischler (Google), to Sridhar Ramaswamy (Google) Re- Internet – Takeaways From Large NA Search Agency Check (April 21, 2016)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0499 – Email from Hal Varian (Google) to Penny Chu (Google), Re Latest market share analysis (October 9, 2009)
Gov Exhibit – UPX0522 – Email from Jerry Dischler (Google), to Anil Sabharwal (Google) Re- Important SQV Update (May 3, 2019)-1
Gov Exhibit – UPX0960 – Google Presentation – On Strategic Value of Browser Home Page to Google (April 2, 2007)
Gov Exhibit – UPX1066 – Google presentation – Antitrust Basics for Search Team (March, 2011)
