In investing terms, a “glide path” describes how a mix of investments changes over time. Typically, the mix gets more conservative — with fewer stocks and more bonds, for example — as the investor approaches a goal such as retirement.
You also can create a glide path into retirement by making gradual changes in your working and personal life in the months or years before you plan to quit work.
Retirement can be a jarring transition, especially if you haven’t set up ways to replace the structure, sense of purpose and socialising opportunities that work can bring, says financial coach Saundra Davis, executive director of Sage Financial Solutions, a non-profit financial education organisation in San Francisco.
“People are excited to leave [work], but then once they leave, they feel that pressure of ‘How do I define myself?’” Ms Davis says. “Am I important now that I’m no longer in the workforce?”
What do you want your life to look like?
Ms Davis suggests people start by thinking about what they want from retirement. That could mean visualising your ideal day: where you’re living, what you’re doing, who you’re spending time with.
Free tools such as YearCompass and Unravel Your Year can help you identify what “sparks joy” for you and what you want more of in your life, Ms Davis says.
These tools allow you to reflect on your recent past and plan for the future.
“What are the things that have been calling you? What gives you energy?” Ms Davis asks.
Your ideal retirement may well face roadblocks: a lack of money, ill health or the need to provide care for someone else, for example.
But understanding what you really want from this phase of your life can help you figure out ways to get what’s most important, she says.
Discuss your vision of retirement with your spouse or partner to “see if you’re on the same page”, suggests David John, senior strategic policy adviser for the AARP Public Policy Institute — an interest group for the over-fifties — in Washington.
Your significant other may have different ideas about when to retire, where to live and what they want to do with their time, and those should be discussed before either of you quits work, Mr John says.
“We tend to assume that people agree with us, when we haven’t had a formal discussion about something, and that can prove to be a mistake,” he adds.
What role will work play in your retirement?
Some employers have phased retirement programmes that allow people to cut back to part-time work while retaining a pay cheque and benefits.
Other companies don’t have formal plans but may be willing to accommodate an employee who asks, particularly if the worker is a high performer, says Joe Casey, a retirement and executive coach in New Jersey.
Phased plans give employers time to look for a successor while allowing workers to ease into retirement, says Melissa Shaw, a wealth management adviser for financial services company TIAA in Palo Alto, California.
“They still have more freedom to start to enjoy and plan for the next phase,” Ms Shaw says. “It’s a good way to transition.”
If phased retirement isn’t an option, a part-time job or consulting work can help people keep a foot in the work world while they shape their post-work life, she adds.
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How will you stay connected and sharp?
Social isolation and loneliness significantly increase someone’s odds of premature death and are associated with about a 50 per cent increased risk of dementia, as well as higher rates of depression, anxiety and suicide, according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention in the US.
Many people underestimate the social connections that work provides, Ms Davis says.
They also may not anticipate how much their social circles can shrink over time as people move away or die.
Ms Davis recommends making friends of different generations to counteract that trend. Hobbies and volunteering are among the ways to find prospective friendships, she says.
But it can also help to find friends or mentors among people who have retired, Ms Shaw says.
Senior centres and social connection sites like Meetup are other ways to find potential social contacts.
“Having others around you who have experienced retirement and who can provide support and tips and share ideas is extremely valuable,” she adds.
