How a 'growth mindset' can lead to a successful retirement

Besides money, good health, strong relationships and a sense of purpose will help to make you happier in retirement

Many retirees continue to be happy despite difficulties and research indicates that their psychological attitudes help determine how well they cope with change. Getty

Researchers have identified many factors besides money that contribute to a happier retirement, including good health, strong relationships and a sense of purpose.

But setbacks are inevitable, both in life and in retirement. Not everyone enjoys good health — and no one enjoys it for ever.

Loved ones die or move away. The pursuits you thought would give your life meaning may not be possible: think of all the activities and plans cancelled because of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Yet, many retirees continue to be happy despite difficulties, and research indicates that their psychological attitudes help determine how well they cope with change.

“Mindset is key, and it’s one of those things that’s within our control,” says executive and retirement coach Joe Casey, author of Win the Retirement Game: How to Outsmart the 9 Forces Trying to Steal Your Joy.

Cultivate optimism

A 2014 study by two Kansas State University researchers found that people who are more optimistic tend to be more satisfied in retirement.

Study participants’ levels of optimism were measured by their agreement with statements including “In uncertain times, I usually expect the best” and “Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad”.

Positive emotions such as optimism help people to be more resilient and to think more creatively, while pessimism can make it harder to take productive action or cope with difficult situations, says the study’s lead researcher Sarah Asebedo, now a professor at Texas Tech University’s School of Financial Planning.

But don’t despair, pessimists: you can learn to be more optimistic.

“I do think certain people might have a disposition towards optimism or pessimism, but that doesn’t mean you can’t change your outlook and change your way of viewing a situation,” says Ms Asebedo.

She recommends psychologist Martin Seligman’s book, Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life, which explains cognitive behavioural techniques to combat pessimism.

If you need further or ongoing help, consider talking with a therapist about developing a more optimistic outlook.

Cultivate a positive view of ageing

While positive thinking in general can help you cope with life, positive thinking about ageing may actually extend your life.

A 2002 study led by Yale University professor Becca Levy found that people who had more positive views of ageing lived a median of 7.5 years longer than those with more negative attitudes. The gap persisted even after the researchers took into account other factors that affect longevity, such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, health and loneliness.

Researchers examined how study participants’ views of ageing predicted their survival up to 23 years later. The 338 men and 322 women aged 50 and older had responded to several statements about ageing, including “As you get older, you are less useful” and “I am as happy now as I was when I was younger”.

Positive views of ageing had a greater impact on lifespan than many health factors. For example, low blood pressure or low cholesterol each contribute about four years of longevity. Other healthy behaviours, including refraining from smoking, maintaining a healthy weight and getting regular exercise, add one to three years to lifespans.

Ms Levy’s research also found that positive views of ageing can protect against dementia and help people recover from health setbacks.

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Top 10 global cities for retirement — in pictures

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  Tokyo ranked as the best global city to retire in a new retirement index compiled by Veolar. Ryo Yoshitake/ Unsplash

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  Wellington, New Zealand, was ranked as the second best global city to retire. Leyvaine Davids/ Unsplash

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  Singapore ranked third and scored well in the categories of legacy management and quality of public transport. Kirill Petropavlov/ Unsplash

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  Paris is the fourth best city to retire and scored well in the liveability sub-index, driven by its museums and restaurants. Leonard Cotte/ Unsplash

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  Vienna ranked fifth globally for offering the best retirement living standards for senior people. Jacek Dylag/ Unsplash

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  Zurich, in sixth position, ranked high for safety and quality of health care. Henrique Ferreira/ Unsplash

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  Copenhagen was ranked seventh, driven by its safety, mobility and accessibility to health care. Nick Karvounis/ Unsplash

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  Amsterdam is the eighth best city to retire globally, Veolar said. Adrien Olichon/ Unsplash

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  Osaka in Japan placed ninth, earning high scores in the quality and accessibility of health care and health longevity sub-indices. Ramon Kagie/ Unsplash

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  Lausanne in Switzerland is the 10th best city globally in terms of retirement living standards, the index showed. Mark de Jong/ Unsplash

People can change their views by becoming more aware of, and challenging, negative stereotypes of ageing, Ms Levy writes in her book Breaking the Age Code: How Your Beliefs About ageing Determine How Long and Well You Live.

She also recommends making intergenerational friendships to combat ageism and looking for positive role models.

Cultivate a growth mindset

People can struggle in retirement if they believe that they have stopped evolving and that their days of learning new things are behind them, Mr Casey says.

He coaches his clients to develop a “growth mindset” that embraces learning and change.

He points to research by Stanford University psychology professor Carol Dweck, author of Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.

Ms Dweck found that people who believe their intelligence and talents can be improved — what she calls the growth mindset — tend to be more successful in life than those who believe their abilities are innate — what she terms a fixed mindset.

Make intergenerational friendships to combat ageism and look for positive role models

Becca Levy,
Yale University professor

Mr Casey encourages clients not just to learn, but also to challenge themselves. That may mean learning something that takes effort, or mastering a skill.

“Mastery gives you a sense of control and gives you a sense of achievement, which often people miss when they leave the more professional workplace,” Mr Casey says.

But mastery also requires another aspect of a growth mindset: being willing to risk, accept and learn from failure. That can be hard for people who are good at their jobs, he adds.

“They’re not used to being bad at anything,” he says. “To get good at something, to master something, you have to be bad at it first.”

Associated Press