Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority has fined Open Technology Markets (trading as Opnx) and its founders. Bloomberg
Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority has fined Open Technology Markets (trading as Opnx) and its founders. Bloomberg
Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority has fined Open Technology Markets (trading as Opnx) and its founders. Bloomberg
Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority has fined Open Technology Markets (trading as Opnx) and its founders. Bloomberg

Dubai's Vara fines digital asset exchange Opnx and Three Arrows founders


Alkesh Sharma
  • English
  • Arabic

Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority has issued a Dh10 million ($2.7 million) fine against digital assets exchange Open Technology Markets (trading as Opnx) for breaching rules related to marketing, advertising and promotions.

The fine for the market offence on May 2 remains unpaid, the emirate’s virtual asset regulator said on Wednesday.

The exchange is linked to the founders of failed cryptocurrency hedge fund Three Arrows Capital.

A fine of Dh200,000 ($54,451) has also been imposed against each Opnx founder Kyle Davies, Su Zhu and Mark Lamb, and the company’s chief executive, Leslie Lamb.

Mr Davies and Mr Zhu were founders of Three Arrows Capital that went bankrupt last year as Bitcoin's value plummeted and UST stablecoin lost its peg to the US dollar. The latest fines are the biggest by the regulator to date.

“All fines noted above were referred to Vara’s grievance committee in accordance with due governance requirements. The committee reviewed the referral of the grievance and determined that the enforcement actions taken be upheld in their entirety,” the regulator said.

“Vara shall determine consequential actions warranted against Opnx, which may include further fines, penalties, and/or taking any actions necessary to recover payment and definitively remedy the behaviour including, but not limited to, referring the matter to any law enforcement agency (ies) or competent courts.”

Vara was established by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, in March 2022 under the Dubai Virtual Asset Regulation Law, the first law of its kind in the emirate.

It aims to create an advanced legal framework to protect investors and provide international standards for virtual asset industry governance to enable responsible business growth.

Launched in March, Opnx is a public marketplace for crypto claims trading and derivatives. It is pitched as a platform to trade crypto claims associated with bankrupt digital-asset entities.

The cryptocurrency sector went through a troublesome year in 2022, marred by company collapses and cyber crimes dragging down the prices of digital assets and investor interest.

The most notable incident was the collapse of FTX, which filed for bankruptcy in November. That followed the collapse of the Luna cryptocurrency and its associated Terra stablecoin in May last year.

In January this year, Genesis Global Holdco, the parent company of cryptocurrency lending company Genesis Global Capital, filed for bankruptcy protection in the US.

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1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

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10. Reduce inequality  within and among countries

11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

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Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026

1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years

If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.

2. E-invoicing in the UAE

Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption. 

3. More tax audits

Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks. 

4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime

Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.

5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit

There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.

6. Further transfer pricing enforcement

Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes. 

7. Limited time periods for audits

Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion. 

8. Pillar 2 implementation 

Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.

9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services

Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations. 

10. Substance and CbC reporting focus

Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity. 

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First car: VW Golf

Proudest achievement: Building Robotics Labs at Khalifa University and King’s College London, Daughters

Driverless cars or drones: Driverless Cars

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Women’s World Twenty20 Qualifier

Jul 3- 14, in the Netherlands
The top two teams will qualify to play at the World T20 in the West Indies in November

UAE squad
Humaira Tasneem (captain), Chamani Seneviratne, Subha Srinivasan, Neha Sharma, Kavisha Kumari, Judit Cleetus, Chaya Mughal, Roopa Nagraj, Heena Hotchandani, Namita D’Souza, Ishani Senevirathne, Esha Oza, Nisha Ali, Udeni Kuruppuarachchi

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2016: Feud begins after Khan criticised Trump’s proposed Muslim travel ban to US

2017: Trump criticises Khan’s ‘no reason to be alarmed’ response to London Bridge terror attacks

2019: Trump calls Khan a “stone cold loser” before first state visit

2019: Trump tweets about “Khan’s Londonistan”, calling him “a national disgrace”

2022:  Khan’s office attributes rise in Islamophobic abuse against the major to hostility stoked during Trump’s presidency

July 2025 During a golfing trip to Scotland, Trump calls Khan “a nasty person”

Sept 2025 Trump blames Khan for London’s “stabbings and the dirt and the filth”.

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Dubai launched the pilot phase of its real estate tokenisation project last month.

The initiative focuses on converting real estate assets into digital tokens recorded on blockchain technology and helps in streamlining the process of buying, selling and investing, the Dubai Land Department said.

Dubai’s real estate tokenisation market is projected to reach Dh60 billion ($16.33 billion) by 2033, representing 7 per cent of the emirate’s total property transactions, according to the DLD.

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Like a Fading Shadow

Antonio Muñoz Molina

Translated from the Spanish by Camilo A. Ramirez

Tuskar Rock Press (pp. 310)

Updated: August 17, 2023, 4:07 AM