Queen Elizabeth II marks 70 years on the British throne on Sunday, a rare feat of longevity that has only been surpassed by a handful of other monarchs in history.
The queen, 95, came to rule Britain and more than a dozen other realms including Canada, Australia and New Zealand on the death of her father King George VI on February 6, 1952. Her coronation took place the following year.
During the past seven decades, she has navigated her family through divorce, public scandal and a pandemic while also outlasting 14 UK prime ministers and 14 American presidents.
Here are some of the events and milestones of her reign before her platinum jubilee.
1952: George VI dies and Princess Elizabeth becomes queen, aged 25, during a visit to Kenya with her husband.
1953: The queen's coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey and is watched by millions of people around the world on television.
1955: Winston Churchill resigns as prime minister due to his failing health. Princess Margaret calls off her plans to marry Group Capt Peter Townsend.
1969: Prince Charles, first in line to the throne, has his investiture at Caernarvon and becomes the Prince of Wales.
1977: The queen celebrates her silver jubilee and becomes a grandmother after her daughter Princess Anne gives birth to a son.
1979: Her second cousin and close friend, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, is killed by an IRA bomb while on a fishing boat off the coast of Sligo, Ireland.
1981: Prince Charles weds Lady Diana Spencer during a ceremony at Westminster Abbey.
1982: The Falklands War breaks out and her son, Prince Andrew, is among those serving in the forces. An intruder makes his way into the queen's bedroom in Buckingham Palace but leaves without incident.
1986: Prince Andrew marries Sarah Ferguson and becomes Duke of York.
1992: The queen describes it “annus horribilis”. Her daughter, Princess Anne, and Capt Phillips divorce. Meanwhile, the Waleses and the Yorks also separate. Windsor Castle, the queen's primary residence, suffers an extensive fire.
1996: The Duke and Duchess of York divorce, as do the Prince and Princess of Wales amid intense scrutiny from the British press.
1997: The nation goes into mourning after Princess Diana dies in a Paris car crash. The following weeks represent a low point for the royal family's standing in Britain.
2002: The queen celebrates her golden jubilee. However, the year is marred by tragedy after the Queen Mother and Princess Margaret die.
2010: The queen becomes a great-grandmother when Savannah Phillips is born.
2011: Prince William marries Kate Middleton at Westminster Abbey. The queen makes an official visit to Ireland for the first time.
2012: The queen marks her diamond jubilee and is one of the main guests at the London 2012 Olympics. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge announce they are expecting a baby.
2015: The queen becomes Britain's longest reigning monarch with more than 63 years on the throne, surpassing her predecessor Queen Victoria. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge is born.
2016: The queen celebrates her 90th birthday. She also becomes the world's longest-reigning, still-serving monarch after the death of the king of Thailand.
2017: The queen reaches her sapphire jubilee — 65 years on the throne. The queen and Prince Philip celebrate their platinum wedding anniversary after 70 years of marriage.
2019: Archie Mountbatten-Windsor is born to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Boris Johnson becomes prime minister. Meanwhile, the Duke of York steps down from royal duties amid sex abuse allegations.
2020: Prince Harry and Meghan quit royal life in Britain and move to the UK. The monarch is forced to cut back duties as Britain goes into lockdown following the coronavirus outbreak.
2021: Prince Philip dies, aged 99. His funeral takes place in Windsor Castle as coronavirus restrictions severely curtail commemorations.
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Date started: Okadoc, 2018
Founder/CEO: Fodhil Benturquia
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: Healthcare
Size: (employees/revenue) 40 staff; undisclosed revenues recording “double-digit” monthly growth
Funding stage: Series B fundraising round to conclude in February
Investors: Undisclosed
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Porsche Macan T: The Specs
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2. Arnaud Demare (France / FDJ) 38
3. Andre Greipel (Germany / Lotto) 25
4. Sonny Colbrelli (Italy / Bahrain) 24
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6. Taylor Phinney (U.S. / Cannondale) 21
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Monster
Directed by: Anthony Mandler
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Date started: 2015
Founder: John Tsioris and Ioanna Angelidaki
Based: Dubai
Sector: Online grocery delivery
Staff: 200
Funding: Undisclosed, but investors include the Jabbar Internet Group and Venture Friends
Best Academy: Ajax and Benfica
Best Agent: Jorge Mendes
Best Club : Liverpool
Best Coach: Jurgen Klopp (Liverpool)
Best Goalkeeper: Alisson Becker
Best Men’s Player: Cristiano Ronaldo
Best Partnership of the Year Award by SportBusiness: Manchester City and SAP
Best Referee: Stephanie Frappart
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Bio
Born in Dibba, Sharjah in 1972.
He is the eldest among 11 brothers and sisters.
He was educated in Sharjah schools and is a graduate of UAE University in Al Ain.
He has written poetry for 30 years and has had work published in local newspapers.
He likes all kinds of adventure movies that relate to his work.
His dream is a safe and preserved environment for all humankind.
His favourite book is The Quran, and 'Maze of Innovation and Creativity', written by his brother.
How has net migration to UK changed?
The figure was broadly flat immediately before the Covid-19 pandemic, standing at 216,000 in the year to June 2018 and 224,000 in the year to June 2019.
It then dropped to an estimated 111,000 in the year to June 2020 when restrictions introduced during the pandemic limited travel and movement.
The total rose to 254,000 in the year to June 2021, followed by steep jumps to 634,000 in the year to June 2022 and 906,000 in the year to June 2023.
The latest available figure of 728,000 for the 12 months to June 2024 suggests levels are starting to decrease.
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Sugary teas and iced coffees
The tax authority is yet to release a list of the taxed products, but it appears likely that sugary iced teas and cold coffees will be hit.
For instance, the non-fizzy drink AriZona Iced Tea contains 65 grams of sugar – about 16 teaspoons – per 680ml can. The average can costs about Dh6, which would rise to Dh9.
Cold coffee brands are likely to be hit too. Drinks such as Starbucks Bottled Mocha Frappuccino contain 31g of sugar in 270ml, while Nescafe Mocha in a can contains 15.6g of sugar in a 240ml can.
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