The US is entitled to more than $5.2 million from former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden's book royalties, a federal court ruled this week.
The US Department of Justice said the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on Tuesday also ruled that a trust be set up for the government for any future earnings from the book.
In September 2019, the US government sued Mr Snowden, who lives in Russia, over his publication of Permanent Record, a book the US says breached non-disclosure agreements he signed when working for the NSA and CIA.
The US claims he published the book without submitting it to US agencies for review, in breach of the agreements.
US authorities did not try to block publication of the book, but to seize all proceeds.
Last December, a federal court in Virginia found that Mr Snowden did breach his obligations to the CIA and NSA but reserved judgment on possible remedies.
In an order issued on Tuesday, the court entered a judgment in the US government's favour for more than $5.2m.
The civil litigation over the book is separate from criminal charges prosecutors filed against Mr Snowden under a 1917 US espionage law.
