Steam rises from two of the four cooling towers at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. Getty Images
Steam rises from two of the four cooling towers at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. Getty Images
Steam rises from two of the four cooling towers at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. Getty Images
Steam rises from two of the four cooling towers at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. Getty Images

Future is dim for US nuclear power plants


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Three Mile Island, best known for the biggest nuclear accident in US history, is months away from shutting down and throwing nearly 700 people out of work.

Only two of the nuclear plant's cooling towers still emit steam; the other two have been idle since a partial reactor meltdown in 1979.

The decision by Exelon, the owners, to decommission the plant is symptomatic of the broader crisis in the US nuclear power industry, even though it still provides 20 per cent of the country’s electricity.

US President Jimmy Carter visits the Three Mile Island nuclear plant after a reactor meltdown in March 1979. The LIFE Images Collection / Getty Images
US President Jimmy Carter visits the Three Mile Island nuclear plant after a reactor meltdown in March 1979. The LIFE Images Collection / Getty Images

While other regions, notably the Middle East and North Africa, are embracing a nuclear future, the technology is past its sell-by date in the United States.

According to Apicorp Energy Research, the Mena region is set to add 15.8 gigawatts of nuclear capacity by 2030, an increase which it says would represent a “quantum leap”. The UAE's Barakah nuclear plant, scheduled to go online by 2020, will account for a third of that increase with four reactors of 1,400 megawatt capacity each.

The picture could hardly be more different in the US. Six nuclear plants have shut down permanently since 2013 and another 11 are due to disappear by 2025. The number of working nuclear reactors has dropped from a peak of 112 in 1990 to to 98 in August this year, according to the US Energy Information Administration.

An aerial view of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in 1979. MPI/Getty Images
An aerial view of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in 1979. MPI/Getty Images

“Nuclear power in the US has definitely been squeezed, primarily because of the decline in natural gas prices caused by the fracking boom,” said Steve Clemmer, director of energy research and analysis at the Union of Concerned Scientists.

“Existing plants have become a challenge economically and new ones are expensive to build. Currently, there are only two reactors under construction.”

With electricity prices declining, the figures mean that about a third of nuclear power plants in the US are no longer economic.

Several states including New York, Illinois and New Jersey are now willing to offer subsidies to keep their power plants open.

The states say the move is environmentally driven, with nuclear power seen as a low-carbon form of energy which is less likely to contribute to climate change and helps meet carbon reduction targets.

Currently, the nuclear sector contributes more than 50 per cent of low-carbon electricity in the US.

Some argue that nuclear power could help the US meet climate change targets set by the Paris Climate Agreement, which was signed by Barack Obama and repudiated by Donald Trump.

A paper published recently in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences describes nuclear power as the "vanishing low carbon wedge".

The paper, written by researchers at Harvard, the University of California San Diego and Carnegie Mellon, paints a grim picture of the industry’s future.

“There is no reason to believe that any utility in the United States will build a new large reactor in the foreseeable future,” the report noted.

“These reactors have proven unaffordable and economically uncompetitive. In the few markets with the will to build them, they have proven to be unconstructible.”

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Put at its most basic, the US has a choice of getting out of nuclear completely or pressing ahead with a new generation of smaller, more cost-efficient reactors.

Given the cost, the researchers believe the latter option is unlikely.

“We appear to be set to lose one of the most promising candidates for providing a wedge of reliable, low-carbon energy over the next few decades and perhaps even the rest of the century.”

Nuclear’s US woes are symptomatic of a wider malaise, argues Miriam Tuerk, chief executive of Toronto-based Clear Blue Technologies International, which specialises in wireless solar power providing electricity directly to consumers.

“The decline of the nuclear generation industry in the US is highlighting the wider problem of ageing infrastructure.

“Plants can cost anywhere from two to nine billion dollars to build and construction time can be 10 years easily.

“For every 40 cents you spend on generating the power, you spend 60 cents getting the electricity from the power station to the customer’s home or business.

“Companies like ours are disrupting the competition in the marketplace.

“In the power industry we still have monopolies and this is creating demand for alternative solutions.

"The speed to market of these new opportunities is fundamentally changing the industry.”

Mr Trump has tried to intervene, telling his energy secretary Rick Perry to take steps to keep loss-making nuclear power stations running.

The US president has argued that keeping them open is essential for national security.

But his argument is disputed by many experts who maintain that the US power system has sufficient energy reserves to cope without the nuclear reactors.

It has also run into opposition from the natural gas industry and free-market conservatives, who oppose any government intervention in the energy market.

John Quelch, dean of the Miami Business School, believes that the US has fallen behind commercial rivals in the nuclear power industry.

“Environmental objections have precluded the permitting of new nuclear plants,” he said.

“Innovation lags when you don’t have opportunity to bring your ideas to commercial reality. If you need a nuclear power station today, you’d buy it from China, France, Korea or Russia.”

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Company name: Suraasa

Started: 2018

Founders: Rishabh Khanna, Ankit Khanna and Sahil Makker

Based: India, UAE and the UK

Industry: EdTech

Initial investment: More than $200,000 in seed funding

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Mageed Yahia, director of WFP in UAE: Coronavirus knows no borders, and neither should the response

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How they line up for Sunday's Australian Grand Prix

1 Lewis Hamilton, Mercedes

2 Kimi Raikkonen, Ferrari

3 Sebastian Vettel, Ferrari

4 Max Verstappen, Red Bull

5 Kevin Magnussen, Haas

6 Romain Grosjean, Haas

7 Nico Hulkenberg, Renault

*8 Daniel Ricciardo, Red Bull

9 Carlos Sainz, Renault

10 Valtteri Bottas, Mercedes

11 Fernando Alonso, McLaren

12 Stoffel Vandoorne, McLaren

13 Sergio Perez, Force India

14 Lance Stroll, Williams

15 Esteban Ocon, Force India

16 Brendon Hartley, Toro Rosso

17 Marcus Ericsson, Sauber

18 Charles Leclerc, Sauber

19 Sergey Sirotkin, Williams

20 Pierre Gasly, Toro Rosso

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Anxiety and work stress major factors

Anxiety, work stress and social isolation are all factors in the recogised rise in mental health problems.

A study UAE Ministry of Health researchers published in the summer also cited struggles with weight and illnesses as major contributors.

Its authors analysed a dozen separate UAE studies between 2007 and 2017. Prevalence was often higher in university students, women and in people on low incomes.

One showed 28 per cent of female students at a Dubai university reported symptoms linked to depression. Another in Al Ain found 22.2 per cent of students had depressive symptoms - five times the global average.

It said the country has made strides to address mental health problems but said: “Our review highlights the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression, which may long have been overlooked."

Prof Samir Al Adawi, of the department of behavioural medicine at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman, who was not involved in the study but is a recognised expert in the Gulf, said how mental health is discussed varies significantly between cultures and nationalities.

“The problem we have in the Gulf is the cross-cultural differences and how people articulate emotional distress," said Prof Al Adawi. 

“Someone will say that I have physical complaints rather than emotional complaints. This is the major problem with any discussion around depression."

Daniel Bardsley

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Passenger capacity: 5,686

Crew members: 1,536

Number of cabins: 2,217

Length: 315.3 metres

Maximum speed: 22.7 knots (42kph)

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THE BIO

Born: Mukalla, Yemen, 1979

Education: UAE University, Al Ain

Family: Married with two daughters: Asayel, 7, and Sara, 6

Favourite piece of music: Horse Dance by Naseer Shamma

Favourite book: Science and geology

Favourite place to travel to: Washington DC

Best advice you’ve ever been given: If you have a dream, you have to believe it, then you will see it.

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