Afghanistan's government is steadily losing its grip over the country in spite of an intensified American air campaign against insurgent groups, a US government watchdog said on Thursday.
The latest grim assessment of Afghanistan's security situation comes as the US pursues talks with the Taliban insurgents and urgently seeks a way out of the 17-year war.
Numbers provided by Resolute Support, the US-led Nato mission in Afghanistan, show that as of October 31, only 63.5 per cent of Afghans were living in areas controlled or influenced by the Kabul government - down from 65.2 per cent the previous quarter.
According to the US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (Sigar), which compiled the data, the decrease came as Kabul's control or influence over Afghan districts dropped.
Sigar said just 53.8 per cent of Afghanistan's 407 districts were in government hands, and experts on Afghanistan say the number is lower still.
Instead of looking at population metrics, the Pentagon said in a response to Sigar that it was more important to "focus on the principal goal of the strategy of concluding the war in Afghanistan on terms favourable to Afghanistan and the United States."
Officials pointed to ongoing talks between the Taliban and US special envoy Zalmay Khalilzad, who this week said he had sealed the outlines of a peace deal.
Sigar said the US dramatically increased air strikes in 2018, dropping 6,823 bombs in the first 11 months of the year.
The "figure was already 56 per cent higher than the total number of munitions released in 2017 (4,361), and is more than five times the total in 2016", Sigar said in its report.
Meanwhile, the strength of Afghan security forces has continued to dwindle, and currently stands at 308,693 personnel. That means only 87.7 per cent of positions are filled, the lowest level since January 2015.
Afghan forces have suffered staggering losses since they assumed responsibility for their country's security four years ago.
President Ashraf Ghani last week said 45,000 security forces had been killed since he took office in September 2014.
Nato combat forces pulled out at the end of that year, and observers say the losses may not be sustainable.
Officials say President Donald Trump has decided to pull half of America's forces from Afghanistan. The Pentagon insisted the numbers in Sigar's report do not necessarily reflect poorly on his strategy to find an end to the conflict.
"Measures of population control are not indicative of effectiveness of the South Asia strategy or of progress toward security and stability in Afghanistan," the Pentagon said, according to Sigar.
Mr Khalilzad has provided few specifics about a potential deal with the Taliban, but the militants are believed to have promised not to provide shelter again to foreign extremists.
However, the Taliban have so far refused another key US demand – that they talk to the internationally recognised government in Kabul, which the insurgents view as American "puppets".
Mr Ghani has warned against rushing into a deal, citing violence following the Soviet withdrawal in 1989.
Acting US Defence Secretary Patrick Shanahan said on Tuesday that he saw "some very encouraging possibilities" in Mr Khalilzad's negotiations.
"But we need to give them time and space," he said.
Ryan Crocker, a former US ambassador to several nations including Afghanistan, said in an opinion piece in The Washington Post that US negotiations with the Taliban were akin to "surrender".
"The Taliban will offer any number of commitments, knowing that when we are gone and the Taliban is back, we will have no means of enforcing any of them," Mr Crocker wrote.
