More from The National:
Monday's best photos: from Kamikaze drones to Neymar in court
Sunday's best photos: from China's Communist Party Congress to flooding in Australia
Saturday's best photos: from film premiere selfies in London to climate protests in DC
Friday's best photos: from the Frieze Art Fair to US-Mexico border wall
Thursday's best photos: from a nuclear submarine to leaders playing table tennis
Wednesday's best photos: from a posing dog to the French Spiderman
Who was Alfred Nobel?
The Nobel Prize was created by wealthy Swedish chemist and entrepreneur Alfred Nobel.
- In his will he dictated that the bulk of his estate should be used to fund "prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind".
- Nobel is best known as the inventor of dynamite, but also wrote poetry and drama and could speak Russian, French, English and German by the age of 17. The five original prize categories reflect the interests closest to his heart.
- Nobel died in 1896 but it took until 1901, following a legal battle over his will, before the first prizes were awarded.