The director of Russia’s space programme said economic sanctions aimed at the country threaten partnerships at the International Space Station (ISS) and he supports a move to end future co-operation with other agencies.
In a series of social media posts on Saturday, Roscosmos general director Dmitry Rogozin shared what he claimed were replies from the respective heads of the US space agency Nasa, the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency to his demand that their countries lift sanctions against enterprises involved in the Russia space industry.
“Nasa will continue to work with relevant US Federal departments and agencies to facilitate continued co-operation on and operation of the ISS,” read one of the posted statements that appears to be signed by the US agency's administrator, Bill Nelson. A phone call to Nasa by Bloomberg News on Saturday to confirm the authenticity of the letter wasn’t returned.
Questions regarding Russia’s relationship with the ISS have brewed since the country invaded Ukraine in February.
Mr Rogozin told a state-owned television network last month that Russia would end sales of rocket engines to the US, and Moscow cancelled the launch of three dozen satellites for OneWeb, a London-based satellite internet company partly owned by the UK government.
Mr Rogozin will shortly submit to Russian leaders specific proposals on ending co-operation on the ISS, he said in the social media posts.
At the moment though, ISS operations seem mostly unaffected by politics on Earth. Nasa astronaut Mark Vande Hei returned to earth in a Soyuz capsule on Wednesday, landing in Kazakhstan with two cosmonauts. Mr Vande Hei spent a record 355 days on-board the ISS. Three Americans, three Russians and a German are currently based at the ISS, while Axiom Space plans to send up three space tourists and their captain as soon as April 6.
Nasa plans to operate the space station through 2030. SpaceX and Northrop Grumman Corporation were awarded Nasa contracts on March 25 for a dozen more cargo missions to the ISS.
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76 nations
26 UAE teams
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How to invest in gold
Investors can tap into the gold price by purchasing physical jewellery, coins and even gold bars, but these need to be stored safely and possibly insured.
A cheaper and more straightforward way to benefit from gold price growth is to buy an exchange-traded fund (ETF).
Most advisers suggest sticking to “physical” ETFs. These hold actual gold bullion, bars and coins in a vault on investors’ behalf. Others do not hold gold but use derivatives to track the price instead, adding an extra layer of risk. The two biggest physical gold ETFs are SPDR Gold Trust and iShares Gold Trust.
Another way to invest in gold’s success is to buy gold mining stocks, but Mr Gravier says this brings added risks and can be more volatile. “They have a serious downside potential should the price consolidate.”
Mr Kyprianou says gold and gold miners are two different asset classes. “One is a commodity and the other is a company stock, which means they behave differently.”
Mining companies are a business, susceptible to other market forces, such as worker availability, health and safety, strikes, debt levels, and so on. “These have nothing to do with gold at all. It means that some companies will survive, others won’t.”
By contrast, when gold is mined, it just sits in a vault. “It doesn’t even rust, which means it retains its value,” Mr Kyprianou says.
You may already have exposure to gold miners in your portfolio, say, through an international ETF or actively managed mutual fund.
You could spread this risk with an actively managed fund that invests in a spread of gold miners, with the best known being BlackRock Gold & General. It is up an incredible 55 per cent over the past year, and 240 per cent over five years. As always, past performance is no guide to the future.
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