A satellite shaped like a dog kennel launched into space on Saturday with the goal of measuring global sea levels.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carried the satellite, called Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, into space from an air force base in California.
The spacecraft is one of the most advanced Earth-observation satellites and is part of a joint US-European mission. Its findings will add to data satellites before it have been gathering since 1992, as part of the Copernicus Earth observation programme.
"The Earth is changing, and this satellite will help deepen our understanding of how," said Karen Germain, director of Nasa’s Earth Science division.
"The changing Earth processes are affecting sea level globally, but the impact on local communities varies widely. International collaboration is critical to understanding these changes and informing coastal communities around the world."
Climate change is causing sea levels to rise, which can create devastating effects such as flooding, lost habitats for fish, plants and birds and destruction of coastal habitats.
Nasa said that levels rose 3.3 millimetres a year between 1993 and 2020.
About two thirds of global sea level rise is caused by meltwater from glaciers and ice sheets – ones that cover Antarctica and Greenland.
In Greenland, rising air temperatures are causing the surface of ice sheets to melt. While in Antarctica, warmer ocean temperatures mix with warm air, causing glaciers to melt into the sea.
A series of satellites under the Copernicus Earth observation programme have helped to chart rising sea levels over the past three decades.
The mission began with the Topex/Poseidon satellite in 1992, followed by Jason-1 in 2001, OSTM/Jason-2 in 2008 and then Jason-3 in 2016.
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich will measure rising sea levels more precisely than any satellite ever before.
The 1.3-tonne satellite was named in honour of Michael Freilich, former director of Nasa’s Earth Science division, who passed away in August. He is known for his work in helping to advance observations of the oceans from space.
“Michael was a tireless force in Earth sciences,” said Josef Aschbacher, director of Earth observation programmes at the European Space Agency.
“Climate change and sea-level rise know no national borders, and he championed international collaboration to confront the challenge.
“It's fitting that a satellite in his name will continue the 'gold standard' of sea-level measurements for the next half decade.
"This European-US co-operation is exemplary and will pave the way for more co-operation opportunities in Earth observation."
In 2025, a twin version of the satellite, called Sentinel-6B, will be launched to help record another 10 years of Earth’s climate.
UAE's landmark mission to Mars – In pictures
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The Hope probe launches from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre on July 20. AFP -
It will take the spacecraft, which later detached from the rocket, about 200 days to reach the Red Planet, arriving in February 2021. Courtesy: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries -
The launch of the rocket is captured on video at Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre. Courtesy: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries -
The first homegrown Arab space mission drew in interest from across the globe. Courtesy: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries -
The launch of the rocket from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre. Courtesy: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries -
Waiting for the launch in the morning light. MHI Launch Services twitter -
Emirati journalists clap as they watch the launch of the Hope space probe at Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai. AP -
A broadcasting of the launch of the Hope Mars probe at the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai. AFP -
An Emirati man wipes a tear away with his face mask while watching the launch of the Hope space probe at Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai. AP -
Mohammed Al Mannaee, an announcer with Dubai TV, reacts as he watches the launch. AP -
Sarah Al Ameeri and the UAE team watch the launch at at the Tanegashima Space Centre -
The UAE team watch the launch of the Mars Hope probe at at the Tanegashima Space Centre. -
Sarah Al Ameeri and the UAE team watch the launch at at the Tanegashima Space Centre -
A screen broadcasts the launch of the Mars probe at Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai. AFP -
Solid rocket booster (SRB-A) was separated after burnout during the launch of the H-2A rocket carrying the Hope Probe, developed by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the Mars explore, are recorded by cameras onboard the rocket after the lauch from Tanegashima Space Center on the island of Tanegashima, Japan. REUTERS -
A screen broadcasts the launch of the Mars probe at Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai. AFP -
The launch of the rocket from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre. Courtesy: MHI Launch Services -
Omran Sharaf, the project director for the Hope space probe, speaks on his mobile phone at Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai. AP -
Sarah Al Ameeri, Minister of State for Advanced Sciences of United Arab Emirates, celebrates with Naohiko Abe, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Senior Vice President, Head of Integrated Defence and Space Systems, after the successful launch of the H-2A rocket carrying the Hope Probe, developed by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the Mars explore, at Tanegashima Space Center on the island of Tanegashima, Japan. REUTERS -
Emiratis are pictured at the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre in Dubai ahead of the expected launch of the "Hope" Mars probe from Japan. AFP -
The weather was clear over Tanegashima Island in southern Japan on Sunday after weeks of rain and cloudy conditions. Courtesy: Dubai Media Office -
Emirati engineers wave in a picture taken on Sunday from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre. Courtesy: Emirates Mars Mission / UAE Space Agency -
The launch of the rocket from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre. Screengrab courtesy MHI Launch Services
