Related: Inside the Nasa facility where astronauts train for spacewalks
The UAE’s Sultan Al Neyadi will etch his name in the history books once more by becoming the first Arab astronaut to perform a spacewalk later this month.
The landmark achievement was announced by Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed, Crown Prince of Dubai, on social media on Thursday.
On April 28, Dr Al Neyadi, 41, will venture outside of the International Space Station with Nasa colleague Stephen Bowen for six and a half hours.
The duo will replace the communication hardware that is installed on the exterior of the orbiting science laboratory.
Only 259 astronauts have floated outside of the ISS since it was launched in 1998, and less than 700 spacewalks have been performed since space exploration began decades ago.
Salem Al Marri, director general of the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, told The National that Dr Al Neyadi was selected by Nasa to perform the spacewalk.
“He’s been training since 2018, and training with Nasa since 2020, so he’s proven his capabilities,” he said.
“I’m very excited for him and he’s very happy. It’s quite historic and shows how far our space programme has gone.”
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Sultan Al Neyadi wears his EVA suit for spacewalk training in the indoor pool. He will perform the first spacewalk by an Arab astronaut on April 28, 2023. Photo: MBRSC -
Dr Al Neyadi will repair communication hardware with Nasa colleague Stephen Bowen during their spacewalk. Photo: MBRSC -
Dr Al Neyadi has received extensive training for the spacewalk. Photo: Sultan Al Neyadi Twitter -
The Extravehicular Activity suit is worn during spacewalks outside of the International Space Station and for training at the world's largest indoor pool at the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas. MBRSC -
In this photo taken from video footage released by Roscosmos Space Agency, Roscosmos' cosmonauts Oleg Artemyev and Denis Matveev are seen during their spacewalk on the International Space Station (ISS) on Monday, April 18, 2022. Roscosmos Space Agency via AP -
Spacewalks outside of the International Space Station are generally a daunting task, but imagine doing them while wearing bulky spacesuits that weigh 127 kilograms. Astronauts regularly venture outside of the football field-sized orbiting laboratory to do maintenance work on the structure, such as fixing solar panels and repairing the hardware. Nasa via AP -
Astronaut and Expedition 65 Flight Engineer Mark Vande Hei inspects a spacesuit in preparation for a spacewalk at the International Space Station on April 17, 2021. AP -
In this photo provided by Nasa, astronaut Mark Vande Hei performs a spacewalk to lubricate the Canadarm2 on October 10, 2017. AP -
In a still image from a video, astronauts conduct a spacewalk to replace a faulty antenna on the International Space Station on December 2, 2021. Reuters
The UAE is the first non-partner country of the ISS that will have one of its astronauts outside the station for a spacewalk.
Previously, only astronauts from countries that have invested in the ISS — the US, Russia, Europe, Canada and Japan — have performed spacewalks.
“In the 22 years that the ISS has been up there, this is the first time this activity is happening by a non-ISS partner,” Mr Al Marri said.
Not for the faint-hearted
Spacewalks are daunting tasks that require lots of training.
Dr Al Neyadi has spent hours in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory at Nasa’s Johnson Space Centre in Houston — one of the world’s largest indoor swimming pools with a mock-up of the ISS beneath it.
Astronauts wear their 127kg extravehicular suits, more commonly known as EVAs, and practice underwater for several hours.
But the real one is a lot more challenging.
Dr Al Neyadi will put on his bulky EVA while inside the space station, be tied to a tether, exit the airlock and then climb outside of the structure to begin the repair work.
All of this while floating in microgravity more than 400km above the Earth, as the station moves about 8km per second, completing a full circle around the planet in just 90 minutes.
“He’s very excited and he’s trained for so long,” Mr Al Marri said.
“EVA is an activity where you’re not going to select somebody that’s not capable. There’s obviously an element that can be dangerous.
“So, you select someone that has those capabilities, and Sultan is an astronaut that has been trained.”
An experienced partner
Mr Bowen, Dr Al Neyadi's partner during the spacewalk, is an experienced astronaut, having logged more than 40 days in space, including seven spacewalks.
The 59-year-old joined Nasa in 2000 and has served on four Space Shuttle missions, including an ISS assembly mission.
Ageing spacesuits
While Dr Al Neyadi is probably safe in the hands of Nasa’s mission control in Houston, the ageing spacesuits have caused concern in previous spacewalks by other astronauts.
Walking in space is a daunting enough task but the bulky design of the suit makes it even tougher.
The suit allows astronauts to breathe in the vacuum of space while protecting them from a harsh environment with temperature extremes and the risk of radiation damage.
But the complicated design of these EVAs has not changed since the 1980s, with astronauts often complaining about the difficulty of performing tasks while wearing them.
One incident was in 2013, when water leaked into the helmet of Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano during a spacewalk.
His eyes, nose and ears and part of his mouth were filled with water, but he managed to return to the airlock in time.
Once he was safely inside, he and his colleagues discovered that 1.5 litres of water had filled the helmet.
The spacewalk, which was meant to be six-and-half hours long, was cut short after only about 45 minutes.
In June 2021, a spacewalk by French astronaut Thomas Pesquet and Nasa astronaut Shane Kimbrough was cut short because there were issues with their spacesuits.
About three hours into the spacewalk, Mr Kimbrough lost data on his spacesuit’s display unit, and then there was a sharp increase in the pressure on his spacesuit.
They were supposed to install a new set of solar arrays on the station but the trip was cut short after a nearly seven-hour spacewalk.
Nasa has revealed its next-generation spacesuits, developed by Axiom Space, that astronauts will wear for future Moon missions.
How to watch UAE astronaut’s spacewalk
Dr Al Neyadi’s spacewalk will be broadcast live on Nasa television.
It will also be streamed on Nasa and the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre’s social media channels.
