Abu Dhabi will host a new autonomous racing league on its Formula One track in 2024, aimed at advancing driverless technology and bringing a new spectator sport to the capital.
Also known as self-driving racing, the sport involves the racing of vehicles that are controlled by computer.
The Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League will start at Yas Marina Circuit in the second quarter next year, although no set date has been announced.
With a prize pool of up to $2.25 million, the new league is looking to push the boundaries of autonomous mobility by hosting challenges to advance research and development in autonomous racing and artificial intelligence, while at the same time boosting fuel efficiency and safety.
Faisal Al Bannai, secretary general of the Advanced Technology Research Council, said the league will create a community platform for motorsports fans.
"The Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League will feature an open development model, supporting faster progress, faster testing and greater innovation," he said.
"Machine learning and reinforcement learning will be key to collecting data and developing the technology of these vehicles.”
The league will use Dallara-built Super Formula cars with support from Japan Race Promotion, which manages Japanese Super Formula Championship.
The Super Formula cars are the fastest in the world, outside of Formula One, and will be equipped for autonomous racing, according to the league.
"Our SF23 race car is a huge leap forward in technical performance and, importantly, carbon neutrality, so it’s very exciting to see it being driven by an autonomous technology stack," said Yoshihisa Ueno, president of Japan Race Promotion.
"We cannot wait for the first race.”
Spectators in the drivers seat
The league also wants to provide a new way to watch motor racing.
Spectators will have access to virtual reality and augmented reality technologies, allowing them to get in the drivers seat and see firsthand head-to-head autonomous car racing, with live updates and real-time displays shown on screen.
It is early days for the new strand of motorsport but autonomous racing leagues and events are popping up all over the world.
The annual Indy Autonomous Challenge, hosted at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the US beginning in 2021, is the first to head-to-head race between autonomous racing vehicles.
Organisers of the IAC event say they were inspired by those who competed in the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) Grand Challenge, which put forth a $1 million award in 2004.
That competition of mostly university-affiliated teams gave rise to the modern automated vehicle industry.
Aspire, the organisers of Abu Dhabi's new league, are taking a similar approach, opening to all teams from previous autonomous racing challenges as well as universities and public and private research institutions.
The research hub is the programme development arm of Abu Dhabi’s Advanced Technology Research Council (ATRC).
ATRC is responsible for defining Abu Dhabi’s research and development strategy, consolidating funds for efficient investment, and driving policy and regulation. It also launches grand challenges and international competitions to solve some of the world’s most pressing issues.
The autonomous car race will be the first among a series of autonomous vehicle races in the Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League launching in 2024, according to organisers.
Ambitions are also set for racing autonomous offroad vehicles and drones.
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Attacks on Egypt’s long rooted Copts
Egypt’s Copts belong to one of the world’s oldest Christian communities, with Mark the Evangelist credited with founding their church around 300 AD. Orthodox Christians account for the overwhelming majority of Christians in Egypt, with the rest mainly made up of Greek Orthodox, Catholics and Anglicans.
The community accounts for some 10 per cent of Egypt’s 100 million people, with the largest concentrations of Christians found in Cairo, Alexandria and the provinces of Minya and Assiut south of Cairo.
Egypt’s Christians have had a somewhat turbulent history in the Muslim majority Arab nation, with the community occasionally suffering outright persecution but generally living in peace with their Muslim compatriots. But radical Muslims who have first emerged in the 1970s have whipped up anti-Christian sentiments, something that has, in turn, led to an upsurge in attacks against their places of worship, church-linked facilities as well as their businesses and homes.
More recently, ISIS has vowed to go after the Christians, claiming responsibility for a series of attacks against churches packed with worshippers starting December 2016.
The discrimination many Christians complain about and the shift towards religious conservatism by many Egyptian Muslims over the last 50 years have forced hundreds of thousands of Christians to migrate, starting new lives in growing communities in places as far afield as Australia, Canada and the United States.
Here is a look at major attacks against Egypt's Coptic Christians in recent years:
November 2: Masked gunmen riding pickup trucks opened fire on three buses carrying pilgrims to the remote desert monastery of St. Samuel the Confessor south of Cairo, killing 7 and wounding about 20. IS claimed responsibility for the attack.
May 26, 2017: Masked militants riding in three all-terrain cars open fire on a bus carrying pilgrims on their way to the Monastery of St. Samuel the Confessor, killing 29 and wounding 22. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.
April 2017: Twin attacks by suicide bombers hit churches in the coastal city of Alexandria and the Nile Delta city of Tanta. At least 43 people are killed and scores of worshippers injured in the Palm Sunday attack, which narrowly missed a ceremony presided over by Pope Tawadros II, spiritual leader of Egypt Orthodox Copts, in Alexandria's St. Mark's Cathedral. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks.
February 2017: Hundreds of Egyptian Christians flee their homes in the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula, fearing attacks by ISIS. The group's North Sinai affiliate had killed at least seven Coptic Christians in the restive peninsula in less than a month.
December 2016: A bombing at a chapel adjacent to Egypt's main Coptic Christian cathedral in Cairo kills 30 people and wounds dozens during Sunday Mass in one of the deadliest attacks carried out against the religious minority in recent memory. ISIS claimed responsibility.
July 2016: Pope Tawadros II says that since 2013 there were 37 sectarian attacks on Christians in Egypt, nearly one incident a month. A Muslim mob stabs to death a 27-year-old Coptic Christian man, Fam Khalaf, in the central city of Minya over a personal feud.
May 2016: A Muslim mob ransacks and torches seven Christian homes in Minya after rumours spread that a Christian man had an affair with a Muslim woman. The elderly mother of the Christian man was stripped naked and dragged through a street by the mob.
New Year's Eve 2011: A bomb explodes in a Coptic Christian church in Alexandria as worshippers leave after a midnight mass, killing more than 20 people.