London urged to face 'new reality' of temperatures regularly above 30°C

Researchers call for urgent action to prepare the capital for more days of extreme heat

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  The sun rises above the London skyline. Reuters

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  London has experienced 116 days over 30°C in the past three decades – more than half of which, 59, occurred in the last 10 years. AP

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  Extreme temperatures have become more frequent too, with seven days above 35°C in the past three decades, five of which occurred in the last five years. AP

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  Since 2017, every year except 2021 has seen the temperature rise above 30C in London for three or more consecutive days each summer. AP

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  It will take a range of strategies to adapt Britain’s capital to the growing heat. Bloomberg

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  The Tube can be exceptionally uncomfortable during heatwaves in London. PA

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  Experts have said technological interventions, such as better building insulation are required. Bloomberg

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  A person holds a thermometer at Oxford Road station of the London underground in 2022. PA

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  Many Londoners take to city fountains to cool off in the summer. Reuters

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  A member of the Queen's Guard receives water to drink during a heatwave in July 2022. Reuters

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  A study looked at how climate change is affecting the world’s most populous capital cities – using airport data for consistency across cities, including City Airport in London. Reuters

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  Summers have been getting warmed in London. City office workers stretch out over the grass during a hot summer lunchtime in Trinity Square in the City of London, July 1993, in London. Getty Images

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  Researchers called for urgent action to prepare the capital for more days of extreme heat. Getty Images

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  Temperatures exceeding 30°C are increasingly being recorded in London, analysis shows. Getty Images

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  There have been calls for London to adapt to its new reality. Getty Images

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  Smoke from fires in a residential area in Wennington, England. Getty Images

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  London has also suffered from flooding and other extreme weather. Getty Images

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  Experts have called for more tree cover and extending green space to combat the urban heat island effect, where cities are hotter because of their built-up nature. EPA

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  People take shelter in the entrance to an underground station, as torrential rain and thunderstorms hit London in 2022 Getty Images

Temperatures exceeding 30°C are increasingly being recorded in London, analysis shows, prompting calls for the city to adapt to its “new reality”.

London has experienced 116 days over 30°C in the past three decades – more than half of which, 59, occurred in the last 10 years, according to research by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).

Statistics from 1994-2023 also show extreme temperatures have become more frequent too, with seven days above 35°C in the past three decades, five of which occurred in the last five years.

Consecutive days above 30°C are becoming more common – in the 1990s and 2000s, there were two years in each decade with three or more days in a row where temperatures soared over 30C.

But since 2017, every year except 2021 has seen the temperature rise above 30C in London for three or more consecutive days each summer.

Extreme heat can kill, worsening existing health conditions and raising the risk of illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke, as well as affecting people’s ability to work and learn, and infrastructure.

The analysis is part of a broader research project being undertaken by the IIED independent research organisation to look at how climate change is affecting the world’s most populous capital cities – using airport data for consistency across cities, including City Airport in London.

“London is getting hotter and needs to take urgent action to adapt to this new reality,” Tucker Landesmann, a senior researcher on IIED’s human settlements team, said.

It will take a range of strategies to adapt Britain’s capital to the growing heat, he said, including more tree cover and extending green space to combat the urban heat island effect, where cities are hotter than the area around them because of their built-up nature.

Technological interventions, such as better building insulation that can make hot days more bearable, are also required, he said, adding that London could learn from places with a much longer history of living with extreme heat.

“Adapting to a hotter reality is going to take serious investment,” he added.

“But the costs of not taking action are also high in terms of people’s health and lost productivity.”

He said London has the resources and technology to adapt but “bold action” is required to make the change.

“Extreme heat affects everyone but it’s more dangerous for certain people – the young, the elderly, those living in substandard housing, and those who don’t have access to cooler places,” he said.

“Taking action on climate change, therefore, can also address inequality. It’s a win-win outcome.

“It’s clear that the extreme heat is here to stay, and London must adapt soon to remain liveable for everyone.”