Queen Elizabeth II's cause of death was old age, her death certificate has shown.
The document, published by the National Records of Scotland (NRS) on Thursday, showed the UK monarch died at 3.10pm on September 8 at Balmoral Castle in Ballater.
The document has been signed by Princess Anne, the Princess Royal, and the cause of death is listed as old age.
The queen died at her Balmoral estate while members of her family — Prince William, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward and his wife Sophie, Countess of Wessex — were en route to see her.
Old age was the only cause of death recorded on the document. The queen stepped back from public life in the year before her death owing to health problems.
Douglas James Allan Glass is noted as the certifying registered medical practitioner.
Paul Lowe, registrar general for Scotland, said the queen’s death was registered in Aberdeenshire on September 16.
The death certificate was released on Thursday, the same day Windsor Castle was reopened to the public after her death.
Mourners are allowed to see her final resting place at Windsor.
Here is how the day of her death unfolded. At 12.32pm, Buckingham Palace said doctors were concerned about the queen’s health. She was comfortable and under medical supervision, it said.
At 12.45pm Clarence House said Prince Charles, who is now king, and Camilla, now queen consort, travelled to Balmoral. A minute later, Kensington Palace said Prince William, now the Prince of Wales, would also travel north.
At 2.39pm Royal Air Force Flight KRF23R took off from RAF Northolt in South Ruislip, west London, flight tracking website Flightradar24.com showed. The plane carried Prince William, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward and the Countess of Wessex.
At 3.10pm the queen died with Princess Anne by her side.
The plane landed in Aberdeen airport at 3.50pm.
After 5pm, a fleet of cars, including a Range Rover driven by Prince William and carrying Prince Andrew, Prince Edward and Sophie, arrived at Balmoral.
At 6.30pm Buckingham Palace said: “The queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon.
“The king and the queen consort will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow.”
Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026
1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years
If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.
2. E-invoicing in the UAE
Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption.
3. More tax audits
Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks.
4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime
Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.
5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit
There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.
6. Further transfer pricing enforcement
Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes.
7. Limited time periods for audits
Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion.
8. Pillar 2 implementation
Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.
9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services
Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations.
10. Substance and CbC reporting focus
Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity.
Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer
Labour dispute
The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.
- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law
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Trump v Khan
2016: Feud begins after Khan criticised Trump’s proposed Muslim travel ban to US
2017: Trump criticises Khan’s ‘no reason to be alarmed’ response to London Bridge terror attacks
2019: Trump calls Khan a “stone cold loser” before first state visit
2019: Trump tweets about “Khan’s Londonistan”, calling him “a national disgrace”
2022: Khan’s office attributes rise in Islamophobic abuse against the major to hostility stoked during Trump’s presidency
July 2025 During a golfing trip to Scotland, Trump calls Khan “a nasty person”
Sept 2025 Trump blames Khan for London’s “stabbings and the dirt and the filth”.
Dec 2025 Trump suggests migrants got Khan elected, calls him a “horrible, vicious, disgusting mayor”
The biog
Favourite car: Ferrari
Likes the colour: Black
Best movie: Avatar
Academic qualifications: Bachelor’s degree in media production from the Higher Colleges of Technology and diploma in production from the New York Film Academy
