Time running out for workers trapped under rocks and mud in Indian glacier disaster

Toll expected to rise, with more than 170 people still missing

A man reacts after being pulled to safety by Indo-Tibetan Border Police personnel during rescue operations following flash flooding in the Tapovan area of India's northern state of Uttarakhand. AP

Members of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police tend to people rescued in Tapovan after a Himalayan glacier collapsed and caused flash flooding in Uttarakhand state. Reuters

Indo-Tibetan Border Police personnel search for survivors in Chormi village in Tapovan after flash floods swept away a small hydroelectric dam. Reuters

People inspect the site near the damaged Dhauli Ganga hydropower project at Reni village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. AP

Civilians and members of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police during rescue operations at Reni village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. AFP

Members of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police search underground for survivors in Reni village after a flash flood in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state. AFP

A worker talks to State Disaster Response Fund personnel at Reni village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. AFP

A police offer asks pilgrims to leave the banks of the river Ganges in Haridwar, India, as a precautionary measure after flash flooding in a tributary in Uttarakhand. AP

A view of the damaged Dhauliganga hydropower project at Reni village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand after a section of the Nanda Devi glacier broke off and caused a flash flood. AP

A view of the damaged Dhauliganga hydropower project at Reni village in the Chamoli district . AP

Mud and slush in the Dhauli Ganga river after a flash flood. AP

Damage caused by a flash flood at Raini Chak Lata village in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. Reuters

People walk past a destroyed dam after a glacier collapsed and crashed into the dam at Raini Chak Lata village in the Chamoli district. Reuters

This handout photograph provided by the Indo-Tibetan Border Police shows police personnel during a rescue operation to clear debris from Tapovan tunnel following floods after a glacier collapsed in the Chamoli district. Part of a Himalayan glacier broke away into an Indian river, causing huge torrents that breached a dam and swept away bridges and roads. AFP

Indo Tibetan Border Police personnel during a rescue operation to clear Tapovan tunnel. AFP

Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) personnel arrive for rescue work after a section of Nanda Devi glacier broke off in the Tapovan area of the northern state of Uttarakhand. AP

A rescue team works at the site of a flood in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, in this still image obtained from a video. Reuters

A dam is shattered by a river in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, in this still image taken from a video. Reuters

General view of a flash flood in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, in this still image taken from a video. Reuters

A view of damaged dam after a Himalayan glacier collapsed and crashed into the dam at Raini Chak Lata village in Chamoli district in the northern state of Uttarakhand, India. Reuters

A view of damaged dam after a Himalayan glacier broke and crashed into the dam at Raini Chak Lata village in Chamoli district in the northern state of Uttarakhand, India. Reuters

General view of a flood in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, in this still image obtained from a video. Reuters

General view of a flash flood in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, in this still image obtained from a video. Reuters

General view of a flash flood in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, in this still image obtained from a video. Reuters

This still image from a video provided by KK Productions shows a flash flood in the Chamoli District after a portion of the Nanda Devi glacier collapsed in the Tapovan area of the northern state of Uttarakhand, India. AP

Time was running out to save dozens of people trapped in a tunnel three days after a devastating flash flood probably caused by a glacier burst in India's Himalayan north, officials said on Wednesday.

More than 170 people were missing after a barrage of water and debris hurtled with terrifying speed and power down a valley on Sunday morning, sweeping away bridges and roads and hitting two hydroelectric plants.

Thirty-two bodies were found, officials said on Wednesday. It may take days for more bodies to be recovered from beneath tonnes of rocks and other debris and the thick blanket of grey mud.

Twenty-five of the bodies are yet to be identified. Many of the victims are poor workers from hundreds of kilometres away in other parts of India whose whereabouts at the time of the disaster may not be known.

The main focus of the rescue operation, under way day and night since Sunday, is a tunnel near a severely damaged hydroelectric plant that was under construction at Tapovan in Uttarakhand state.

Workers there have been battling their way through hundreds of tonnes of sludge, boulders and other obstacles to try to reach 34 people who rescuers hope are alive in air pockets.

"As time passes, the chances of finding them are reducing. But miracles do happen," Piyoosh Rautela, a senior state disaster relief official, told AFP.

"There's only so much that one can do. We can't push in [several] bulldozers together. We are working round the clock – man, machinery, we are all working round the clock. But the amount of debris is so much that it's going to take a while to remove all that," he said.

Vivek Pandey, a spokesman for the border police, told the Times of India that if the 34 are alive, the biggest concern is hypothermia, "which can be fatal in such conditions".

Outside the tunnel there were medical teams on standby with oxygen cylinders and stretchers, as well as anxious relatives.

An aerial view of Tapovan dam, two days after a section of the Nanda Devi glacier collapsed, releasing water trapped behind it, in the northern state of Uttarakhand in India. AP Photo

Shuhil Dhiman, 47, said that his brother-in-law Praveen Diwan, a private contractor and father of three, had driven into the tunnel on Sunday morning with three others when the flood hit.

"We don't know what happened to him. We went near the tunnel but there are tonnes of slush coming out. The tunnel has a sharp slope from the opening and I think water and slush has gone deep inside," Mr Dhiman said.

"I am hoping against hope," he said. "The authorities are doing their best but the situation is beyond anyone's ability."

The disaster is being blamed on rapidly melting glaciers in the Himalayan region caused by global warming.

Building activity for dams, the dredging of riverbeds for sand and the clearing of trees for new roads – some to beef up defences on the Chinese border – are other factors.