A volcano gushing towering columns of ash closed the airport on the Indonesian tourist island of Bali for a second day Tuesday, disrupting travel for tens of thousands, as authorities renewed their warnings for villagers to evacuate.
Mount Agung has been hurling clouds of white and dark gray ash about 3,000 meters above its cone since the weekend and lava is welling in the crater, sometimes reflected as an orange-red glow in the ash plumes. Its explosions can be heard about 12 kilometres away.
The local airport authority said Tuesday that closure for another 24 hours was required for safety reasons. Volcanic ash poses a deadly threat to aircraft, and ash from Agung is moving south-southwest toward the airport.
Indonesia's National Disaster Mitigation Agency raised the volcano's alert to the highest level Monday and expanded an exclusion zone to 10 kilometres from the crater in places from the previous 7.5 kilometres. It said a larger eruption is possible, though a top government volcanologist has also said the volcano could continue for weeks at its current level of activity and not erupt explosively.
Agung's last major eruption in 1963 killed about 1,100 people.
Authorities have told 100,000 people to leave homes that are in close proximity to the volcano, though as of Monday tens of thousands stayed because they felt safe or didn't want to abandon livestock.
"Authorities will comb the area to persuade them," agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said at a news conference Monday. "If needed we will forcibly evacuate them." About 25,000 people already have been living in evacuation centres since September when an increase in tremors sparked concerns.
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Lava rising in the crater "will certainly spill over to the slopes," Sutopo said.
Villager Putu Sulasmi said she fled with her husband and other family members to a sports hall that is serving as an evacuation centre.
"We came here on motorcycles. We had to evacuate because our house is just 3 miles from the mountain. We were so scared with the thundering sound and red light," she said.
The family had stayed at the same sports centre in September and October when the volcano's activity was high but it didn't erupt then. They had returned to their village about a week ago.
"If it has to erupt, let it erupt now rather than leaving us in uncertainty. I'll just accept it if our house is destroyed," she said.
Volcanologist Erik Klemetti at Dennison University in Ohio said Agung's 1963 eruption was big enough to cool the earth slightly but it's unclear whether this time it will have a similar major eruption or simmer for a prolonged period.
"A lot of what will happen depends on the magma underneath and what it is doing now," he said.
The closure of the airport has stranded tens of thousands of travellers. More than 400 flights were cancelled on Monday and nearly 60,000 travellers affected, an airport spokesman said.
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A foreign tourist takes pictures in front of Mount Agung erupting seeb from Kubu sub-district in Karangasem Regency, on Indonesia's resort island of Bali on November 27, 2017. Sonny Tumbelaka / AFP -
A tourist poses for a photo with Mount Agung volcano erupting as they visit a temple in Karangasem, Indonesia. Firdia Lisnawati / AP Photo -
Farmers tend their crops as Mount Agung erupts in the background in Amed, Karangasem Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Nyimas Laula / Reuters -
Passengers ask staff about their flights near the flight screen after Ngurah Rai airport closed their operation due to eruption of Mount Agung in Bali. Antara Foto / Fikri Yusuf / via Reuters -
Motorists drive on a road covered by volcanic ash as Mount Agung volcano spews ash in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia. Made Nagi / EPA -
Local residents evacuate their cattle as the Mount Agung volcano spews hot volcanic ash in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia. Made Nagi / EPA -
Balinese people ride on an open car past Mount Agung erupting seeb from Kubu sub-district in Karangasem Regency, on Indonesia's resort island of Bali. Sonny Tumbelaka / AFP -
People line up to check in for international fights on Jetstar counters at Kingsford Smith International Airport in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. All flights between Australia and Bali, Indonesia were cancelled on the day due to the ash cloud expelled by Mount Agung volcano that forced the closure of Denpasar airport. Daniel Munoz / EPA
Bali is Indonesia's top tourist destination, with its Hindu culture, surf beaches and lush green interior attracting about 5 million visitors a year.
A Chinese tour service, Shenzhen PT Lebali International, had about 20 groups totalling 500 to 600 travellers from the Chinese cities of Wuhan, Changsha and Guangzhou in Bali, according an executive, Liao Yuling, who was on the island.
"They are mostly retirees or relatively high-end, so they don't say they are especially anxious to rush home," she said by telephone.
If the airport stays closed, Liao said they would head by ferry and bus to Surabaya on Java where the company's charter flights could pick them up.
"We are not really affected, because the volcano is too far away," said Liao. "We only can say we saw pictures of it on television."
Indonesia's Directorate General of Land Transportation said 100 buses were deployed to Bali's international airport and to ferry terminals to help travellers stranded by the eruption.
The agency's chief, Budi, said major ferry crossing points have been advised to prepare for a surge in passengers and vehicles. Stranded tourists could leave Bali by taking a ferry to Java and then travelling by land to the nearest airports.
Ash has settled on villages and resorts around the volcano and disrupted daily life outside the immediate danger zone.
"Ash that covered the trees and grass is very difficult for us because the cows cannot eat," said Made Kerta Kartika from Buana Giri village. "I have to move the cows from this village."
Indonesia sits on the Pacific "Ring of Fire" and has more than 120 active volcanoes.
