Europe experiences hottest year on record

Scientists warn governments need to ‘shut off the tap’ of emissions to halt climate change

DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA - AUGUST 17: A visitor takes a photo in front of an unofficial thermometer at Furnace Creek Visitor Center on August 17, 2020 in Death Valley National Park, California. The temperature reached 130 degrees at Death Valley National Park on August 16, hitting what may be the hottest temperature recorded on Earth since at least 1913, according to the National Weather Service. Park visitors have been warned, ‘Travel prepared to survive.’ (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)
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Last year matched 2016 as the world’s hottest on record, rounding off the hottest decade on record as the devastating effects of climate change intensified, the EU’s Copernicus Climate Change Service said on Friday.

Europe experienced its hottest year on record in 2020 after an exceptionally warm winter and autumn.

The Arctic also suffered extreme heat and atmospheric concentrations of planet-warming carbon dioxide continued to rise.

Worryingly, 2020 matched the 2016 record despite the effects of a cooling La Nina weather pattern, whereas 2016 began with a strong warming El Nino event.

Scientists said the latest data underscored the need for countries and corporations to slash greenhouse gas emissions quickly enough to reach the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement to avoid catastrophic climate change.

"The extraordinary climate events of 2020 and the data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service show us that we have no time to lose," Matthias Petschke, director for space in the European Commission, said.

In 2020, temperatures globally were an average of 1.25°C higher than in pre-industrial times, Copernicus said, and the last six years were the world's hottest on record.

The Paris accord aims to cap the rise in temperatures to "well below" 2°C and as close as possible to 1.5°C to avoid the most devastating impacts of climate change.

Last year also saw the highest temperature ever reliably recorded, when in August a California heatwave pushed the temperature at Death Valley in the Mojave Desert up to 54.4°C.

The Arctic and northern Siberia continued to warm more quickly than the planet as a whole in 2020, with temperatures in parts of these regions averaging more than 6°C above the 30-year average baseline, Copernicus said.

LONGYEARBYEN, NORWAY - JULY 31: A guide walks along a winding channel carved by rushing water on the surface of the melting Longyearbreen glacier during a summer heat wave on Svalbard archipelago on July 31, 2020 near Longyearbyen, Norway. Svalbard archipelago, which lies approximately 1,200km north of the Arctic Circle, is currently experiencing a summer heat wave that set a new record in Longyearbyen on July 25 with a high of 21.7 degrees Celsius. Global warming is having a dramatic impact on Svalbard that, according to Norwegian meteorological data, includes a rise in average winter temperatures of 10 degrees Celsius over the ppast 30 years, creating disruptions to the entire local ecosystem. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)
A guide walks along a winding channel carved by rushing water on the surface of the melting Longyearbreen glacier in Norway. Getty Images

The region also had an "unusually active" wildfire season, with fires poleward of the Arctic Circle releasing a record 244 million tonnes of CO2 in 2020, over a third more than in 2019.

Arctic sea ice continued to deplete, with July and October both setting records for the lowest sea ice extent in that month.

Scientists who were not involved in the study said it was consistent with growing evidence that climate change is contributing to more intense hurricanes, fires, floods and other disasters.

Unprecedented levels in CO2 emissions were reached despite a 7 per cent drop in emissions due to pandemic lockdowns.

Stefan Rahmstorf, head of Earth system analysis at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, said the world urgently needed to stabilise the climate.

"Since CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere like water in a bathtub, if we turn down the tap by seven percent, the CO2 level just rises a bit more slowly," he said.

"We need to shut off the tap to get a stable climate again."