Macron's vast delegation to Algeria is about history, not just diplomacy

Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune welcomes French President Emmanuel Macron in Algiers on Saturday. EPA

When a president takes a sizeable delegation on a visit to a country with a shared and troubled history, it is fair to assume the agenda is unusually long or complex.

If the entourage numbers more than 90, assumption turns to certainty.

So it was for France’s Emmanuel Macron when he crossed the Mediterranean to Algeria last Thursday. Accompanying him were senior ministers, business chiefs and religious leaders among others.

Officially, the purpose was “rebuild and develop” Franco-Algerian relations, feathers having been not so much ruffled as sent flying by disputes over immigration, Algerian nationhood and French concerns about its former colony’s links with Vladimir Putin’s Russia.

Barely settled back into full-time duties after his working holiday at the French Riviera presidential retreat, the Fort de Bregancon off Toulon, Mr Macron also had plenty of “any other business” to discuss with his Algerian counterpart Abdelmadjid Tebboune.

For both leaders, this was a significant occasion.

Even Mr Macron's admirers recognise his faults, including a tendency to seem haughty, perhaps impatient with the concerns of ordinary people. His solemn pre-Algeria statement that France’s days of “abundance” were over did nothing to reassure lower-income groups battered by the rocketing price of essentials.

The president has a sharp tongue, as Britain’s probable next prime minister Liz Truss was reminded in reports from Algiers. Asked about her curious comment that the “jury was out” on whether he was Britain’s friend or foe, Mr Macron swatted her away like a mildly irritating fly: “The British people and Britain are our friends … whoever their leaders are and sometimes despite their leaders.”

France's President Emmanuel Macron visits the Disco Maghreb music store in Oran, a home to Algeria's rai music, to meet its owner Boualem Benhaoua. AFP

A gift for France's President Emmanuel Macron from Boualem Benhaoua, owner of Oran's Disco Maghreb music store. AFP

France's President Emmanuel Macron checks out an audio tape as Disco Maghreb owner Boualem Benhaoua and France's former culture minister and Arab World Institute President Jack Lang look on. AFP

Emmanuel Macron and Algiers' Catholic archbishop Mgr Jean-Paul Vesco during the French president's visit to the chapel at the Santa Cruz fortress in Oran. AFP

French President Emmanuel Macron, left, speaks with Imam of the Great Mosque of Algiers Mohamed Mamoun El-Kacimi El-Hassani, during a visit to the Great Mosque. AFP

Mr Macron, Algerian Foreign Affairs Minister Ramtane Lamamra, second left, and the imam during the tour of the Great Mosque. AFP

With Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, third right, and some of the country's top generals and senior security officials, at the presidential residence in Zeralda. AFP

Laying a wreath at the monument to the 'dead for France' during his visit to the European Saint-Eugene cemetery in Algiers. Mr Macron started a three-day visit to Algeria on August 25 to help mend ties with the former French colony. AFP

Mr Macron, left, and French film director Alexandre Arcady visit the Christian cemetery of Saint-Eugene in Algiers on August 26, 2022. AFP

President Macron during the visit to the European Saint-Eugene cemetery in Algiers. AFP

Emmanuel Macron speaks at the presidential palace in the Algerian capital, Algiers. AFP

Mr Macron with Algeria's President Abdelmadjid Tebboune at the presidential palace. AFP

Mr Macron attends a banquet hosted by Mr Tebboune. AFP

The French president is on a three-day visit to Algeria.

The visit is intended to help mend ties with the former French colony. AFP

Algeria this year marks the 60th anniversary of its independence from France. AP

The French president reviews troops before talks with the Algerian leader. EPA

Mr Macron was also expected to discuss boosting future economic relations. AP

Laying a floral wreath at the Martyrs Monument in Algiers. AFP

Mr Macron at a viewpoint overlooking the Bay of Algiers during his visit to the Martyrs Monument. AFP

Mr Macron, accompanied by Algeria's Foreign Minister Ramtane Lamamra, on the visit to the Martyrs' Monument. AFP

French President Emmanuel Macron is welcomed by Algeria's President Abdelmadjid Tebboune in Algiers. AFP

Mr Macron and Mr Tebboune review a guard of honour at Algiers International Airport. AFP

The visit comes less than a year after a month-long diplomatic crisis between the two countries stirred up tensions. AFP

Mr Macron said he hopes the visit will 'lay a foundation to rebuild and develop' often fraught ties with Algeria. AFP

Mr Macron and Mr Tebboune in discussion at the airport VIP lounge. AFP

Mr Macron is accompanied by seven ministers for the visit. AFP

There have been awkward moments for Mr Macron in France. Regardless of his popularity domestically – while ratings fluctuate, unpopularity can reach high levels – he is a formidable statesman who understands the power of diplomacy.

The three-day visit reflected French acceptance that 60 years after Algeria gained independence from France, relations are in need of repair.

The balance sheet charting Mr Macron’s role in that relationship is mixed. He earned praise for his admission while campaigning for the presidency in 2017 that colonisation was a “grave mistake” and, more pointedly after his sweeping victory, when describing it as a “crime against humanity”.

But goodwill evaporated last year when he appeared to cast doubt on Algeria’s existence as a nation prior to the 132-year colonisation. He also suggested history had been rewritten with the aim of “fomenting hatred towards France”.

In response, Mr Tebboune briefly recalled his ambassador from Paris and banned French military aircraft from Algerian airspace. If the indignation was partly eased by the French president’s expression of regret about “misunderstandings” caused by his reported comments, damage had still been done.

The two countries also clashed over drastic cuts in French visas for Algerians. Paris accused Algeria and its neighbours Tunisia and Morocco of not doing enough to stop the flood of immigration across the Mediterranean and of being unwilling to accept the return of “delinquents” expelled by France.

Much effort has since gone into averting an irretrievable breakdown of relations, efforts underpinned by Mr Macron’s first visit since 2017. He spoke of seeking a “renewed, concrete and ambitious partnership”, conciliatory words echoed in Mr Tebboune’s welcome for "promising prospects for improving the special partnership".

Beyond diplomacy, the visit demonstrated a need for broader co-operation, notably on economic and military fronts.

Despite withdrawing its troops from Mali, France continues to tackle an Islamist insurgency in the Sahel region.

But it has also embarked on what Mr Macron called a “re-think” of military strategy in Africa. The visit ended with a joint closing declaration vaguely pledging stronger co-operation faced with instability in the Sahel and Libya.

Then there was the question of Algerian gas.

The Elysee insisted this was “not really the object of the visit”. Sometimes, however, reading between the lines can be useful.

France, like other European countries, faces the sudden challenge of reducing dependency on Russian gas following the invasion of Ukraine.

Algeria is a major producer, providing around 11 per cent of Europe’s supplies. Most is exported via direct pipelines to Italy and Spain.

Mr Macron claims France’s gas needs are largely catered for. But he has to be seen as championing his country’s interests, presenting himself as a willing buyer.

Strikingly, that bumper delegation in Algeria included Catherine MacGregor, director general of Engie, one of France’s biggest energy companies and its leading supplier of domestic natural gas. The French state is Engie’s major shareholder and the presence of Ms MacGregor – a Frenchwoman who grew up in Morocco and kept the name of her former husband, a Scot – suggests talks on gas went beyond the declaration’s mention of collaboration on “energy transition”. The French energy ministry, meanwhile, said that talks were under way on Monday between Engie and Algeria’s Sonatrach to potentially increase gas imports to France.

In areas of mutual interest, progress was made. Mr Macron promised a joint French-Algerian commission giving historians free access to archives to study colonial rule and the bloody eight-year war of independence.

There was respectful commemoration of those who died in the war. Youth, and specifically educational and entrepreneurial opportunities for Algerian youth, were focuses of Mr Macron’s programme.

Algeria was granted independence during the presidency of Charles de Gaulle, seen here in the centre. AFP

Even so, many of those with Algerian roots living in France feel victims of institutionalised racism. Anti-Islam narratives peddled by far right rabble-rousers with growing electoral clout cast a disturbing knock-on influence over the mainstream parties, including at times Mr Macron’s centrist Renaissance.

Despite the occasional weakness for clumsy language that mars his statesmanlike qualities, Mr Macron wants to show that his heart is in the right place.

As the first French president to be born since Algerian independence was granted under Charles de Gaulle, he chose a plaintive strain: “We didn't the choose the past, we inherited it."

Both countries have parts to play in dealing with that inheritance.

But as the former colonial power, one that admits colonisation was shameful, France’s share of the responsibility is greater than it has previously been willing to accept. Mr Macron's second and final five-year term dates only from April, leaving ample time for tangible action to match fine words more successfully than after the visits of predecessors.