Iraqi museum restores treasures destroyed by ISIS

France's famous Louvre is supporting Iraqi museum employees

Parts of the broken statue of the ancient Mesopotamian "lamassu" human-headed winged bull being reassembled at the Mosul Museum in Iraq's northern city. All photos by AFP

Ancient artefacts in the Iraqi museum were smashed to pieces when ISIS fighters seized the northern city of Mosul in 2014

A worker at the Mosul Museum tries to reassemble from broken fragments a larger artefact bearing cuneiform inscriptions, at the museum in Iraq's northern city on December 14, 2021. - In the damaged Mosul Museum, Iraqis supported by French restoration workers sort through the fragments of 2,500-year-old remains destroyed by jihadists, part of efforts aiming for reconstruction. (Photo by Zaid AL-OBEIDI / AFP)

Fragments of writing or straight lines help the teams put together some pieces, like a giant jigsaw.

The destroyed remains of the mihrab, or prayer niche, of the Mosque of Banat Al Hassan undergoing restoration at the museum.

Part of a statue of the ancient Mesopotamian "lamassu" human-headed winged bull being reconstructed at the museum.

A worker takes notes while analysing artefact fragments to be reconstructed and reassembled.

Stones of various sizes are being restored at the museum, some bearing etchings of animal paws or wings.

Iraq's once-celebrated Mosul museum and its 2,500-year-old treasures – left in ruins by extremists – are being given a second chance thanks to restoration efforts backed by French experts.

Ancient artefacts in the museum were smashed to pieces when ISIS fighters seized the northern city of Mosul in 2014 and made it their seat of power for three years.

"We must separate all the fragments. It's like a puzzle, you try to retrieve the pieces that tell the same story," said restoration worker Daniel Ibled, commissioned by France's famous Louvre museum, which is supporting Iraqi museum employees.

"Little by little, you manage to recreate the full set."

ISIS fighters filmed themselves taking hammers to pre-Islamic treasures they deemed heretical, proudly advertising their rampage in a video published in February 2015.

The largest and heaviest artefacts were destroyed for the sake of their propaganda, but smaller pieces were sold on black markets all over the world.

The scars of their destruction remain today.

On the ground floor of the museum, the twisted iron bars of the foundation poke through a gaping hole. In other rooms, stones of various sizes are scattered, some bearing etchings of animal paws or wings. Others show inscriptions in cuneiform script.

The smallest of these fragments, no bigger than a fist, are lined up on a table, and experts are hard at work sorting through them.

For now, their efforts are focused on a winged lion from the city of Nimrud, jewel of the Assyrian empire, two "lamassu" – winged bulls with human heads – and the base of the throne of King Ashurnasirpal II.

A large part of a broken statue of the ancient Mesopotamian "lamassu" human-headed winged bull at the Mosul Museum. Photo: AFP

These pieces, many dating back to the first millennium BC, are being reconstructed with financing from the International Alliance for the Protection of Cultural Heritage in Conflict Areas (ALIPH).

Alongside the Louvre, efforts are also being made by Washington's Smithsonian Institution, which provides training for the museum's teams, as well as the New York-headquartered World Monuments Fund, which is tasked with restoring the building.

The base of the Assyrian king's throne, covered in cuneiform writing, appears almost fixed. Some pieces are held together by elastic bands or small metallic rings.

"The base of the throne was pulverised into more than 850 pieces," said museum official Choueib Firas Ibrahim, an expert in Sumerian studies. "We have reassembled two-thirds of them."

Fragments of writing or straight lines help the teams put together some pieces, like a giant jigsaw.

"We read the inscriptions on this base, and we were able to restore the pieces to their place," said restorer Taha Yassin, who said other pieces without "a flat surface or inscriptions" make them virtually indistinguishable and are more complicated.

A worker at the Mosul Museum reassembles an artefact bearing cuneiform inscriptions. Photo: AFP

One year after Iraqi troops recaptured Mosul in 2017, the museum received an urgent grant in a bid to restore it to its former glory.

After delays due to the coronavirus pandemic, museum director Zaid Ghazi Saadallah said he hopes the restoration works will be finished within five years.

But many gaps will remain, and posters on walls identify the lost artefacts.

"Most pieces are destroyed or looted," Mr Saadallah said.

Iraq has suffered for decades from the pillaging of its antiquities, particularly after the US-led invasion in 2003, as well as during the later ISIS takeover.

But the government says it has made the repatriation of artefacts a priority.

Parts of an artefact bearing cuneiform inscriptions being reconstructed at the Mosul Museum in Iraq's northern city. Photo: AFP

The Louvre has tasked 20 people to help the restoration efforts, said Ariane Thomas, director of the Louvre's Department of Near Eastern Antiquities.

After three missions this year, seven French experts will take turns visiting Iraq to help guide the restoration process, undertaken with about 10 museum employees.

Once the restoration work is complete, an online exhibition will be held to unveil the work.

"When we said that with time, money and know-how, we could revive even the most damaged of works, this proves it," Thomas said.

"Works that were completely destroyed have started to take form once again."