The incredible story of South Africa's little-known Keiskamma Tapestry

A fire at the South African Parliament has brought an artistic masterpiece to light

A scene showing European settlers killing people and cattle on the Keiskamma Tapestry, which sits in the South African Parliament building, where a fire has put the artistic masterpiece in danger. All photos: Keiskamma Trust

Xhosa Chief Mnqoma, depicted by Thandie as part of Keiskamma Tapestry.

A detail from the Keiskamma Tapestry showing cows and snakes.

Made by Zita Zukiswa, this detail shows a soldier from the 74th Highlanders, in 1851.

Xhosa women working on the Keiskamma Tapestry.

An image of a Zulu warrior by Ntomboxolo Jaravula.

Rural Xhosa life, captured in the Keiskamma Tapestry.

A panel of the Keiskamma Tapestry showing a European soldier confiscating Xhosa cattle.

A detail of the Keiskamma Tapestry showing African men being made to carry European soldiers to shore on their shoulders, circa 1856, by Z Pakama.

A panel urging women to vote.

A portrait of Queen Victoria, circa 1876.

Showing Xhosa life in the Keiskamma Tapestry.

'Nelson Mandela's early days' by Nokwlunga shows Mandela boxing.

As the parliament building in the South African city of Cape Town burnt on Sunday, the Keiskamma Trust waited to learn the fate of its tapestry that hangs inside the building.

Stretching 120 metres, and entirely made by hand by the Xhosa women of Hamburg, a remote south-eastern region of South Africa, the Keiskamma Tapestry tells their unique, and often painful, history covering the arrival of the colonialists in 1820, through oppression and apartheid, to the release of Nelson Mandela from jail in 1990.

Xhosa women working on the Keiskamma Tapestry. Photo: Keiskamma Trust

Completed in 2004, it took its inspiration from the 11th-century Bayeux Tapestry in France, which depicts the conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066. Similar to the original, the Keiskamma Tapestry is also misnamed, as it was hand-stitched rather than woven, but it was named after the river that runs through the Eastern Cape.

The Keiskamma Trust was set up in 2000 to help the impoverished Xhosa people living along the river. It was founded by Carol Hofmeyr, a doctor and artist who had moved the region to retire. Struck by the level of poverty and hardship in the area, she set up embroidery classes to help the women earn a modest income, which grew into a wider project. The women began using the embroidery for telling their personal and collective histories.

A section of the Keiskamma Tapestry. Photo: Keiskamma Trust

Having seen the Bayeux Tapestry in France, Hofmeyr realised its expansive, cartoon-like, running narrative was the perfect medium for the women to document their stories. Working on a background of Hessian food sack, stitched together and dyed with red ochre, more than 100 women spent a year working on the piece using traditional patterning, colours and even beading.

Once finished, the panels were combined to create a single, continuous story that stretches over 120 metres. It depicts the everyday life of Xhosa cattle farmers and the Nguni cow, considered the heart and soul of the community. It tells of the unending quest for new grazing, and how the arrival of certain birds signalled the shift of seasons, prompting planting and harvests of sorghum, maize and pumpkin.

A detail of the Keiskamma Tapestry showing African men being made to carry European soldiers to shore on their shoulders, circa 1856, by Z Pakama. Photo: Keiskamma Trust

It shows the arrival of the colonialists in 1820, bringing guns, violence and evictions as they upended traditional lifestyles. It tells of the invading British and Dutch slaughtering the Xhosa, San and Khoi people, and the relentless land grabs of the Europeans as they moved north. It depicts the “cattle killing” of 1856 to 1858, when the new diseases brought by the invaders and their animals all but wiped out the Xhosa cattle.

Captured in stitch, the tapestry shows the European soldiers using rifles against unarmed farmers and unflinchingly captures the horror of invasion, eviction and oppression through decades of apartheid.

Each panel was worked on by one or two women, and each woman has added her name to the work, making it a uniquely personal account of history.

History is usually told by the victor, yet here, it is the silenced who have been given a voice.

Rural Xhosa life, captured in the Keiskamma Tapestry. Photo: Keiskamma Trust

In recognition of its cultural worth, once finished, the tapestry was hung inside the parliament building, where now, ironically, it faces destruction or damage. Deemed safe after the first fire, a second blaze sparked by the smouldering wreckage means the work is once again in danger, unable to be rescued. If the tapestry has survived the flames, it remains to be seen if it has sustained smoke and water damage.

However, if the fire is to serve one purpose, it is to bring this little-known work to light. For years hidden from view in the dim corridors of government, if this unique and irreplaceable work does emerge from the ruined building unscathed, perhaps it will prompt the powers that be to display it properly.

Like the Bayeux that inspired it, the Keiskamma Tapestry deserves a dedicated museum so everyone can savour the brilliance of this very modern masterpiece.