The US Department of Commerce on Friday lifted a ban on US companies selling goods to ZTE , allowing China's second-largest telecommunications equipment maker to resume business.
The Commerce Department removed the ban shortly after ZTE deposited $400 million in a US bank escrow account as part of a settlement reached last month. The settlement also included a $1 billion penalty that ZTE paid to the US Treasury in June.
"The department will remain vigilant as we closely monitor ZTE's actions to ensure compliance with all US laws and regulations," commerce secretary Wilbur Ross said in a statement that described the terms of the deal as the strictest ever imposed in such a case.
The terms will allow the department to protect US national security, Mr Ross said.
The administration has clashed with lawmakers from its own party over issues related to China, and this was no different. On Friday, Senator Marco Rubio, a Republican, criticised the lifting of the ban.
"ZTE should be put out of business. There is no ‘deal’ with a state-directed company that the Chinese government and Communist Party uses to spy and steal from us where Americans come out winning," Mr Rubio said in a statement.
A photograph circulating among employees around midnight showed ZTE's new chief executive and 10 other managers each giving a thumbs-up to the news, which was flashed on a screen at the company, according to a person familiar with the matter.
The reprieve follows threats by the Trump administration this week to impose 10 per cent tariffs on $200bn of Chinese goods in a trade war.
ZTE did not respond to requests for comment.
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ZTE, which relies on US components for its smart phones and networking gear, ceased major operations after the ban was ordered in April.
US President Donald Trump tweeted in May that he closed down ZTE and let it reopen, although no agreement had been reached. White House trade adviser Peter Navarro said last month Mr Trump agreed to lift the ban as a goodwill gesture to Chinese President Xi Jinping.
The company had made false statements about disciplining 35 employees involved with illegally shipping US-origin goods to Iran and North Korea, Commerce Department officials said. ZTE pleaded guilty last year over the sanctions violations.
ZTE paid $892m in penalties to the United States in connection with the 2017 settlement and guilty plea. The latest $1.4bn deal comes on top of that.
The $400m will remain in escrow for as long as 10 years to provide the US government access to the money if ZTE violates the June settlement.
On Thursday, ZTE's Hong Kong shares surged about 24 per cent after Reuters broke news the United States had signed an escrow agreement that paved the way for ZTE to deposit the $400m.
ZTE's US-listed shares fell 2.4 per cent to $3.70 on Friday. The news came after markets closed in Asia.
Shares of US suppliers Acacia Communications and Lumentum Holdings rose more than 3 per cent on the news before ending less than 1 per cent higher.
ZTE paid US companies more than $2.bn in 2017, including Qualcomm , Intel, Broadcom and Texas Instruments.
The company, which employs some 80,000 people, got a limited one-month waiver last week to maintain existing networks and equipment.
ZTE has replaced its board of directors and senior management, as required by the June settlement, the Commerce Department noted.
It will now operate with a 10-year suspended ban hanging over its head, which the USs can activate if it finds new violations. The current ban could have lasted seven years.
Many US. lawmakers see the company as a national security threat and, on Thursday, a group of Republican and Democratic US senators urged that ZTE's penalties be reinstated.
The US Senate paved the way for a showdown with Trump over the issue last month, when it passed an annual defense policy bill with an amendment attempting to reverse the deal. Its fate is unclear.
Reuters reported on US. demands for a deal on June 1, and on June 5, revealed that ZTE had signed a preliminary agreement with the Commerce Department, along with the fine and other terms. It also broke news of the ban in April.
A US investigation into ZTE was launched after Reuters reported in 2012 that the company had signed contracts to ship hardware and software worth millions of dollars to Iran from some of the best-known U.S. technology companies.