An epic 3,000-kilometre solar car race across the desert heart of Australia designed to showcase new technology that could one day help develop commercial vehicles got underway Sunday.
The World Solar Challenge, first run in 1987 and last held in 2015, began in a high-tech, futuristic flurry from Darwin's State Square.
The Dutch team Nuon is aiming to defend its title but Belgium's Punch Powertrain led the 41 cars - powered by the sun and mostly developed by universities or corporations - off on the punishing journey south to Adelaide after a surprise win in Saturday's time trial.
"We knew our car was good but we never expected pole because there are a lot of competitors over here, a lot of very fast looking cars," said the team manager Joachin Verheyen.
The event has become one of the world's foremost innovation challenges with teams looking to demonstrate designs that could one day lead to commercially available solar-powered vehicles for passengers.
Google co-founder Larry Page and the Tesla co-founder J B Straubel are past competitors who credit the event in influencing their careers.
The main action will be the streamlined Challenger class - slick, single seat aerodynamic vehicles built for sustained endurance and total energy efficiency.
Nuna8 crossed the finish line first two years ago, taking 33.03 hours to make the punishing trip ahead of Japan's Tokai University, the 2011 winner, in a nail-biting climax.
Both teams are again in the hunt this year, with cars from the United States, Australia, Malaysia, India and South Africa among competitors up against them.
There is also a Cruiser class which aims to showcase solar technology for mainstream vehicles that are more practical for day-to-day use.
Entrants come from countries including Hong Kong, Singapore.
"Of course, the point of this challenge is not just to go fast, or to develop technology that will never reach the mainstream," said the event director Chris Selwood.
"Our founder, Hans Tholstrup, and competitors past and present, are all determined to make sustainable, energy positive, solar electric cars and renewable technology a reality."
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Teams are allowed to store a small amount of energy but the majority of their power has to come from the sun and their vehicle's kinetic forces.
Crews are allowed to drive between 8am and 5pm each day and simply set up camp wherever their car pulls off the road at the end of the day. The first car to cross the line in Adelaide is the winner.
There are seven checkpoints along the route where drivers can get updates on their standings, the weather, and do basic maintenance - clearing any debris from the car and adjusting tyre pressure.
