Does the demand by Palestinians for their water rights in the West Bank hinder practical steps that can be taken to meet their water needs and protect the aquifers that both the Palestinians and Israel share?
Is it not counter-productive - even self-destructive - to forsake short-term co-operation, given the endemic over-drilling and creeping contamination of the underground reservoirs?
Are Palestinian officials, in short, engaging in water follies?
Israel certainly thinks so. Its scientists and water experts, who meet regularly with their counterparts from across the Middle East, including Iran, point to Israel's pace-setting advances in water technology and management. They say this knowledge can be shared more extensively when collaboration replaces confrontation.
This know-how is indeed impressive. Israel leads the world in the recycling of wastewater. Some 70 per cent of the water currently consumed by Israel's shrinking agriculture sector is recycled sewage; in five years, nearly all of it will be.
The Israeli company that pioneered modern drip irrigation, Netafim, is a US$500 million (Dh1.8bn) a year hi-tech giant with 2,600 employees in 110 countries.
In the southern Negev desert, man-made ponds grow fish with 40-degree water drawn from deep beneath the desert. After it is cycled through the fish ponds, it is funneled to fields of olive trees and grape vines.
The most mouth-watering carrot that Israel dangles in front of pining Palestinian eyes is, of course, desalination and the unlimited source of water that is within sight even of some Palestinian towns in the West Bank: the Mediterranean.
As prime minister, Ariel Sharon, with the support of some US aid officials, approved a proposal for a desalination plant to pipe water solely to West Bank Palestinians. The plant would have been built near the coastal town of Qesariya and enjoyed the sovereign diplomatic status of an embassy in a foreign capital.
Benjamin Netanyahu, the current premier, brandished the carrot again in June when he urged Arab states together with Israel and the Palestinians to promote "economic peace". He specifically mentioned the construction of desalination plants as one joint project to "overcome the disadvantages of our region".
Despite the apparent advantages of co-operation, Palestinians have learned through hard experience that anything short of establishing and delineating rights - whether it is to land or water - is doomed to result in half-way measures that invite Israeli complacency, stalling and double-dealing, and encourage dependency.
They cite the chastening lessons of the 1995 Oslo II Accords, when Yasser Arafat, eager for an agreement with Israel that would put in place the building blocks of a rudimentary Palestinian state, sent Nabil Sharif, the Palestine Liberation Organisation's ambassador to Colombia, to water talks with the Israelis.
The problem was that Mr Sharif knew next to nothing about water or the West Bank, according to Palestinian officials familiar with the negotiations. He brushed aside the work of Palestinian water experts and, doing Arafat's bidding, agreed to a draft deal proposed by Israel.
The arrangement, which Israel has shown no inclination to revise until an overall peace agreement is reached, allows Israel to draw 483 million cubic metres of water a year from shared Israeli-Palestinian reservoirs, while the Palestinians are permitted to draw 118 million cubic metres annually.
Mere mention of the deal causes even the most pacific West Banker to demand that the hands of any Palestinian associated with it be broken. The reason? Its results slice to the very core of the resentment Palestinians feel over their dependence on Israeli largesse.
One outcome, for instance, has been the demeaning spectacle of West Bank Palestinians buying water from Jewish settlers that was provided to them by the Israeli water company, which has drawn it from West Bank aquifers.
Another notable consequence is the unseemly sight of Israel claiming virtue for supplying water to Gaza from its desalination plant in Ashkelon, even as its military forces this year laid waste to large swaths of the coastal enclave.
Against this backdrop, Palestinians say nothing short of establishing their rights to the water underneath their feet will suffice.
Any criticism of their supposed excessive focus on water rights at the expense of joint, practical actions, they say, is just one example of how Israelis use the language of rights to discredit Palestinian claims in general and to preserve a status quo that favours them.
"'The Palestinian focus on rights is rhetorical,' Israel always says. Of course, it is easy for the more powerful to say that," notes Jan Selby, author of Water, Power and Politics in the Middle East.
In fact, if water tends to flow towards power and wealth, Israel has every reason to defer debate about water rights.
Every Israeli knows that a peace agreement will entail a more equitable distribution of water. They also know that an accord will require them to give up their nearly total control of this vital resource, with possible repercussions for their quality of life, which they have come to regard as a prerogative, if not a God-given right.
Doubtless, too, many Israelis fear the proverbial slippery slope: spell out rights on water and the same will surely follow for land.
The Palestinians' strategy of insisting on water rights is not without risks. It is not at all clear that international law is entirely on their side. Even a favourable ruling in an international court may be unenforceable.
The strategy also may be short-sighted. For one thing, given the state of their infrastructure, Palestinians may not be able to absorb all the water they are demanding. For another, the traditional form of land tenure, whereby land is subdivided as it is passed down through the generations, may be at least as important a factor in explaining lagging agricultural production as lack of water.
Finally, Israel and any future Palestinian state are probably fated by geography to be semi-arid and at the mercy of a precarious water supply. Israel long ago made the move towards a high-tech economy and away from farming. To ensure prosperity, Palestine probably will be forced to do the same.
cnelson@thenational.ae
The%20specs
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The Settlers
Director: Louis Theroux
Starring: Daniella Weiss, Ari Abramowitz
Rating: 5/5
Company%20Profile
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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Lamsa
Founder: Badr Ward
Launched: 2014
Employees: 60
Based: Abu Dhabi
Sector: EdTech
Funding to date: $15 million
Specs%20
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The specs
Engine: 3.5-litre V6
Power: 272hp at 6,400rpm
Torque: 331Nm from 5,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 9.7L/100km
On sale: now
Price: Dh149,000
Specs
Engine: 51.5kW electric motor
Range: 400km
Power: 134bhp
Torque: 175Nm
Price: From Dh98,800
Available: Now
The five pillars of Islam
Dust and sand storms compared
Sand storm
- Particle size: Larger, heavier sand grains
- Visibility: Often dramatic with thick "walls" of sand
- Duration: Short-lived, typically localised
- Travel distance: Limited
- Source: Open desert areas with strong winds
Dust storm
- Particle size: Much finer, lightweight particles
- Visibility: Hazy skies but less intense
- Duration: Can linger for days
- Travel distance: Long-range, up to thousands of kilometres
- Source: Can be carried from distant regions
At a glance
Global events: Much of the UK’s economic woes were blamed on “increased global uncertainty”, which can be interpreted as the economic impact of the Ukraine war and the uncertainty over Donald Trump’s tariffs.
Growth forecasts: Cut for 2025 from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. The OBR watchdog also estimated inflation will average 3.2 per cent this year
Welfare: Universal credit health element cut by 50 per cent and frozen for new claimants, building on cuts to the disability and incapacity bill set out earlier this month
Spending cuts: Overall day-to day-spending across government cut by £6.1bn in 2029-30
Tax evasion: Steps to crack down on tax evasion to raise “£6.5bn per year” for the public purse
Defence: New high-tech weaponry, upgrading HM Naval Base in Portsmouth
Housing: Housebuilding to reach its highest in 40 years, with planning reforms helping generate an extra £3.4bn for public finances
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MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE – FINAL RECKONING
Director: Christopher McQuarrie
Starring: Tom Cruise, Hayley Atwell, Simon Pegg
Rating: 4/5
David Haye record
Total fights: 32
Wins: 28
Wins by KO: 26
Losses: 4
Skewed figures
In the village of Mevagissey in southwest England the housing stock has doubled in the last century while the number of residents is half the historic high. The village's Neighbourhood Development Plan states that 26% of homes are holiday retreats. Prices are high, averaging around £300,000, £50,000 more than the Cornish average of £250,000. The local average wage is £15,458.
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The biog
Hometown: Cairo
Age: 37
Favourite TV series: The Handmaid’s Tale, Black Mirror
Favourite anime series: Death Note, One Piece and Hellsing
Favourite book: Designing Brand Identity, Fifth Edition
ICC Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2025, Thailand
UAE fixtures
May 9, v Malaysia
May 10, v Qatar
May 13, v Malaysia
May 15, v Qatar
May 18 and 19, semi-finals
May 20, final
Key figures in the life of the fort
Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa (ruled 1761-1793) Built Qasr Al Hosn as a watchtower to guard over the only freshwater well on Abu Dhabi island.
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (ruled 1793-1816) Expanded the tower into a small fort and transferred his ruling place of residence from Liwa Oasis to the fort on the island.
Sheikh Tahnoon bin Shakhbut (ruled 1818-1833) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further as Abu Dhabi grew from a small village of palm huts to a town of more than 5,000 inhabitants.
Sheikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut (ruled 1833-1845) Repaired and fortified the fort.
Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnoon (ruled 1845-1855) Turned Qasr Al Hosn into a strong two-storied structure.
Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa (ruled 1855-1909) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further to reflect the emirate's increasing prominence.
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan (ruled 1928-1966) Renovated and enlarged Qasr Al Hosn, adding a decorative arch and two new villas.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan (ruled 1966-2004) Moved the royal residence to Al Manhal palace and kept his diwan at Qasr Al Hosn.
Sources: Jayanti Maitra, www.adach.ae
UK's plans to cut net migration
Under the UK government’s proposals, migrants will have to spend 10 years in the UK before being able to apply for citizenship.
Skilled worker visas will require a university degree, and there will be tighter restrictions on recruitment for jobs with skills shortages.
But what are described as "high-contributing" individuals such as doctors and nurses could be fast-tracked through the system.
Language requirements will be increased for all immigration routes to ensure a higher level of English.
Rules will also be laid out for adult dependants, meaning they will have to demonstrate a basic understanding of the language.
The plans also call for stricter tests for colleges and universities offering places to foreign students and a reduction in the time graduates can remain in the UK after their studies from two years to 18 months.
Lexus LX700h specs
Engine: 3.4-litre twin-turbo V6 plus supplementary electric motor
Power: 464hp at 5,200rpm
Torque: 790Nm from 2,000-3,600rpm
Transmission: 10-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 11.7L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh590,000
The specs
Engine: Dual 180kW and 300kW front and rear motors
Power: 480kW
Torque: 850Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Price: From Dh359,900 ($98,000)
On sale: Now
US%20federal%20gun%20reform%20since%20Sandy%20Hook
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Killing of Qassem Suleimani
House-hunting
Top 10 locations for inquiries from US house hunters, according to Rightmove
- Edinburgh, Scotland
- Westminster, London
- Camden, London
- Glasgow, Scotland
- Islington, London
- Kensington and Chelsea, London
- Highlands, Scotland
- Argyll and Bute, Scotland
- Fife, Scotland
- Tower Hamlets, London
How to protect yourself when air quality drops
Install an air filter in your home.
Close your windows and turn on the AC.
Shower or bath after being outside.
Wear a face mask.
Stay indoors when conditions are particularly poor.
If driving, turn your engine off when stationary.
Company%20profile
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More on animal trafficking
BIGGEST CYBER SECURITY INCIDENTS IN RECENT TIMES
SolarWinds supply chain attack: Came to light in December 2020 but had taken root for several months, compromising major tech companies, governments and its entities
Microsoft Exchange server exploitation: March 2021; attackers used a vulnerability to steal emails
Kaseya attack: July 2021; ransomware hit perpetrated REvil, resulting in severe downtime for more than 1,000 companies
Log4j breach: December 2021; attackers exploited the Java-written code to inflitrate businesses and governments
Uefa Nations League
League A:
Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Spain, France, England, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, Iceland, Croatia, Netherlands
League B:
Austria, Wales, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, Republic of Ireland, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Northern Ireland, Denmark, Czech Republic, Turkey
League C:
Hungary, Romania, Scotland, Slovenia, Greece, Serbia, Albania, Norway, Montenegro, Israel, Bulgaria, Finland, Cyprus, Estonia, Lithuania
League D:
Azerbaijan, Macedonia, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Latvia, Faroe Islands, Luxembourg, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Liechtenstein, Malta, Andorra, Kosovo, San Marino, Gibraltar
Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
More on Quran memorisation:
BMW M5 specs
Engine: 4.4-litre twin-turbo V-8 petrol enging with additional electric motor
Power: 727hp
Torque: 1,000Nm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 10.6L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh650,000
Zayed Sustainability Prize
KILLING OF QASSEM SULEIMANI
Listen to Extra Time
How to watch Ireland v Pakistan in UAE
When: The one-off Test starts on Friday, May 11
What time: Each day’s play is scheduled to start at 2pm UAE time.
TV: The match will be broadcast on OSN Sports Cricket HD. Subscribers to the channel can also stream the action live on OSN Play.
How has net migration to UK changed?
The figure was broadly flat immediately before the Covid-19 pandemic, standing at 216,000 in the year to June 2018 and 224,000 in the year to June 2019.
It then dropped to an estimated 111,000 in the year to June 2020 when restrictions introduced during the pandemic limited travel and movement.
The total rose to 254,000 in the year to June 2021, followed by steep jumps to 634,000 in the year to June 2022 and 906,000 in the year to June 2023.
The latest available figure of 728,000 for the 12 months to June 2024 suggests levels are starting to decrease.
The specs
Engine: 2.7-litre 4-cylinder Turbomax
Power: 310hp
Torque: 583Nm
Transmission: 8-speed automatic
Price: From Dh192,500
On sale: Now
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Kumulus Water
Started: 2021
Founders: Iheb Triki and Mohamed Ali Abid
Based: Tunisia
Sector: Water technology
Number of staff: 22
Investment raised: $4 million
Zayed Sustainability Prize
'Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World’s Sole Superpower'
Michael Beckley, Cornell Press
What are the main cyber security threats?
Cyber crime - This includes fraud, impersonation, scams and deepfake technology, tactics that are increasingly targeting infrastructure and exploiting human vulnerabilities.
Cyber terrorism - Social media platforms are used to spread radical ideologies, misinformation and disinformation, often with the aim of disrupting critical infrastructure such as power grids.
Cyber warfare - Shaped by geopolitical tension, hostile actors seek to infiltrate and compromise national infrastructure, using one country’s systems as a springboard to launch attacks on others.
Killing of Qassem Suleimani