Australian Rugby Union (ARU) chairman Cameron Clyne, left, speaks as Bill Pulver, CEO of the ARU, looks on at a press conference at ARU headquarters in Sydney on August 11, 2017. Australia's Western Force have been dropped from next season's Super Rugby, the Australian Rugby Union said on August 11, prompting an immediate threat of legal action by the club. Saeed Khan / AFP
Australian Rugby Union (ARU) chairman Cameron Clyne, left, speaks as Bill Pulver, CEO of the ARU, looks on at a press conference at ARU headquarters in Sydney on August 11, 2017. Australia's Western Force have been dropped from next season's Super Rugby, the Australian Rugby Union said on August 11, prompting an immediate threat of legal action by the club. Saeed Khan / AFP
Australian Rugby Union (ARU) chairman Cameron Clyne, left, speaks as Bill Pulver, CEO of the ARU, looks on at a press conference at ARU headquarters in Sydney on August 11, 2017. Australia's Western Force have been dropped from next season's Super Rugby, the Australian Rugby Union said on August 11, prompting an immediate threat of legal action by the club. Saeed Khan / AFP
Australian Rugby Union (ARU) chairman Cameron Clyne, left, speaks as Bill Pulver, CEO of the ARU, looks on at a press conference at ARU headquarters in Sydney on August 11, 2017. Australia's Western F

Western Force axed from Super Rugby in 'darkest day in the history of Australian rugby'


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The Australian Rugby Union announced its intention to axe the Perth-based Western Force side from Super Rugby on Friday but the protracted saga may not be over yet with Rugby Western Australia pondering a legal challenge to the decision.

The ARU said in April that they would cut either the Force or the Melbourne Rebels from Super Rugby next season as the competition contracted from 18 to 15 teams because of falling revenues and fan interest.

"Our decision to exit the Western Force has been guided primarily by financial outcomes," ARU chairman Cameron Clyne said in a statement.

"This is a sad day for rugby, especially for Western Force fans. We accept that there will be anger and resentment over this decision and we sympathise with those fans. We sincerely hope that they are not lost to the game forever."

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RugbyWA responded almost immediately with a statement saying it would pursue "every possible means", including legal action, to ensure the Western Force remained in the competition.

"RugbyWA is considering all options including bringing urgent proceedings in the Supreme Court of New South Wales, and legal action relating to the circumstances which led it to enter into the alliance agreement with the ARU," it read.

Billionaire mining magnate Andrew Forrest warned the ARU earlier this week that he would be first in line to fight the embattled governing body if it cut Western Force.

With Forrest throwing his weight behind the team, the battle over the future of the Force could still be dragged out in a long legal battle the cash-strapped ARU can ill afford.

The Force went to arbitration with the ARU last week arguing the alliance agreement they signed when they were bailed out by the ARU last year guaranteed them Super Rugby until the end of the current broadcasting deal in 2020.

The ARU contended that the contraction of the competition for next year effectively meant there was a new broadcast agreement in place for 2018.

Against a background of widespread dissatisfaction with the 18-team format, governing body SANZAR earlier this year agreed to remove three teams from the competition.

South Africa have already culled the Cheetahs and Kings, who have both announced they will move to play in the European Pro-league.

The ARU quickly ruled out cutting previous Super Rugby champion teams the New South Wales Waratahs, ACT Brumbies and Queensland Reds, leaving a choice between the Force and Rebels.

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Rebels owner Andrew Cox confirmed last weekend that he had transferred ownership to state governing body Victorian Rugby Union (VRU), declaring the move had "secured" the team's future.

The Force were an expansion team aimed at spreading the geographic imprint of rugby to the Australia's west coast when they joined the competition in 2006.

They have never reached the play-offs and the ARU gradually moved to the view that having five Super Rugby teams was stretching Australia's rugby resources too thinly.

The Rugby Union Players' Association (Rupa) said Friday was the "darkest day in the history of Australian rugby" with the ARU "abandoning the game's national footprint".

ARU chief executive Bill Pulver, who had already confirmed he would not seek reappointment when his contract expired next year, said he would now be leaving as soon as a replacement could be found.

"We're dealing with the process of cutting a Super Rugby team and that's been a harrowing process," he told a news conference.

"It's a good time for renewal and I think we need a fresh set of eyes."

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MATCH INFO

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McTominay 44'

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Pogba 80'

Will the pound fall to parity with the dollar?

The idea of pound parity now seems less far-fetched as the risk grows that Britain may split away from the European Union without a deal.

Rupert Harrison, a fund manager at BlackRock, sees the risk of it falling to trade level with the dollar on a no-deal Brexit. The view echoes Morgan Stanley’s recent forecast that the currency can plunge toward $1 (Dh3.67) on such an outcome. That isn’t the majority view yet – a Bloomberg survey this month estimated the pound will slide to $1.10 should the UK exit the bloc without an agreement.

New Prime Minister Boris Johnson has repeatedly said that Britain will leave the EU on the October 31 deadline with or without an agreement, fuelling concern the nation is headed for a disorderly departure and fanning pessimism toward the pound. Sterling has fallen more than 7 per cent in the past three months, the worst performance among major developed-market currencies.

“The pound is at a much lower level now but I still think a no-deal exit would lead to significant volatility and we could be testing parity on a really bad outcome,” said Mr Harrison, who manages more than $10 billion in assets at BlackRock. “We will see this game of chicken continue through August and that’s likely negative for sterling,” he said about the deadlocked Brexit talks.

The pound fell 0.8 per cent to $1.2033 on Friday, its weakest closing level since the 1980s, after a report on the second quarter showed the UK economy shrank for the first time in six years. The data means it is likely the Bank of England will cut interest rates, according to Mizuho Bank.

The BOE said in November that the currency could fall even below $1 in an analysis on possible worst-case Brexit scenarios. Options-based calculations showed around a 6.4 per cent chance of pound-dollar parity in the next one year, markedly higher than 0.2 per cent in early March when prospects of a no-deal outcome were seemingly off the table.

Bloomberg

A timeline of the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language
  • 2018: Formal work begins
  • November 2021: First 17 volumes launched 
  • November 2022: Additional 19 volumes released
  • October 2023: Another 31 volumes released
  • November 2024: All 127 volumes completed