Five years on, Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 on path to free the kingdom from oil dependency

The kingdom has made drastic social and economic progress

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  Vision 2030 is championed by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Presidency Press Service / AP

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  The world's biggest oil exporter is undertaking a slew of reforms as part of Vision 2030, an economic overhaul plan aimed at lowering the kingdom's dependence on oil income. Reuters

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  Visitors walk through the ancient rock heritage site at Al Ula, Saudi Arabia. Bloomberg

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  Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman shakes hands with Klaus Kleinfeld , appointed as NEOM's chief executive. Reuters

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  The Vision also aims to encourage more women to participate in the workplace. Reuters

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  Researcher Michelle Havlik of Australia retrieves a piece of equipment as she dives during a research trip in the Red Sea offshore of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) near the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Reuters

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  Shores of the Red Sea in Gizan, Saudi Arabia, where the kingdom plans to boost tourism as part of Vision 2030. Courtesy: flydubai

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  Saudi Arabia will work to restore, conserve and sustainably manage a billion hectares of land by 2040. Riyadh Green Project

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  The kingdom is overhauling its economy under Vision 2030, a roadmap unveiled in 2016 to help wean the kingdom off oil income. AFP

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  Saudi women at a factory in Sudair Industrial City. Modon

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  The site of the $500bn Neom project in the Tabuk Province of northwestern Saudi Arabia. Courtesy SCTH

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  The lush greenery of Jazan resembles the rice terraces of Bali. Courtesy of Consulum

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  Qiddiya City, an entertainment development located on the outskirts of Riyadh, will be home to the kingdom's first theme park. Courtesy Saudi Tourism

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  Jack Nicklaus will design a signature championship course at Qiddiya, Saudi Arabia. Courtesy Golf Saudi

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  Qiddiya City is an entertainment development project due to be built in Riyadh as part of Vision 2030

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  Qiddiya City is an entertainment development project to be established in Riyadh.

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  The Twilight Gardens land at Six Flags Qiddiya. Courtesy Qiddiya

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  Saudi women work on pots in a workshop in Al Ula, Saudi Arabia. Reuters

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  Fish swim above a coral reef in the Red Sea offshore of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) near the city of Jeddah. Reuters

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  The Red Sea Project will turn untouched coastlines into one of Saudi Arabia's biggest tourism projects where conservation is key. Courtesy The Red Sea Development Company.

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  An illustration of the Amaala mega-project - one of a number of coastal and tourism schemes Saudi Arabia is developing under Vision 2030. Courtesy of the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Natural Heritage

Five years ago Saudi Arabia unveiled its Vision 2030 reform plan, a package of economic and social policies designed to free the kingdom from dependence on oil exports.

The reforms are part of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's programme to attract foreign investment, wean the economy off hydrocarbons, strengthen the private sector and create sustainable jobs for Saudis.

The programme also aims to increase Saudi women's participation in the workforce to 30 per cent.

Prince Mohammed is expected to give a televised interview on Tuesday to mark five years since the programme was announced and talk about the remaining nine years of development.

Mega projects

Perhaps the most well-known part of the Vision 2030 strategy are glitzy megaprojects including Neom, a $500bn futuristic city and a mega entertainment and sports project, named Qiddiya, in Riyadh.

The projects will lead Saudi's efforts to encourage tourism as it attempts to move away from oil as its primary source of income. In late 2019, the government announced that tourist visas are now available for holidaymakers. A modest dress code is set for visitors, ending the requirement that women must wear the abaya.

Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced a new tourism master plan for Al Ula in the country's north-west earlier this year.

It is an area of archaeological significance that will be a major hub for the kingdom’s tourism sector.

The plan aims to turn Al Ula into a global destination for travellers offering heritage, nature, art and culture.

Two million visitors every year to the historic region are expected to visit the historic site.

Improving life for Saudi Arabia's citizens and residents 

But it isn't all big buildings and projecting the environment. Vision 2030 also includes wide societal reforms, most notably on women's place in the kingdom.

The government lifted a ban on women driving in June 2018. Since then, a swathe of changes are encouraging women to take a more prominent role in society. Women no longer have to obtain permission from a male guardian to work, enrol for university or undergo surgery.

Saudi women at a factory in Sudair Industrial City. Modon

Women now also have the right to register child birth, marriage or divorce by themselves and to be issued official family documents and serve as guardians to minors.

The former system required women to seek permission from their male guardian – usually their father or husband, but sometimes a brother or son, to marry, apply for a passport and leave the country.

The government also curbed the powers of religious police that had patrolled public spaces to impose strict rules on women’s dress and enforce bans on alcohol, music, prayer-time closures and the mixing of men and women.

Government launched the Citizen’s Account, a cash handout for low- and middle-income Saudis to offset austerity measures in 2017.

Later that year, a 35-year prohibition on cinemas was lifted. The country plans to open more than 300 movie theatres by 2030.

In early 2019, a royal decree was announced that allowed music to be played in restaurants as public entertainment flourished around the kingdom and the ban on gender-mixing eases.

Diversifying from oil

Since 2016, the government has invested vast sums and effort into reforming the country’s private sector.

This was seen through the development of the banking system, digitisation of government services and development of macroeconomic management and fiscal stabilisation.

The government is pushing for foreign firms to invest and set up regional headquarters in the capital, Riyadh.

Shortly after the announcement of Vision 2030 in 2016, new labour regulations were announced that restricted certain jobs to citizens and raised quotas for companies to hire Saudi nationals.

In 2018, a five per cent value-added tax (VAT) was imposed to improve non-oil revenue generation.

Foreign investors are granted full access to NOMU, a parallel market for small- and medium-sized enterprises.