For three years, extremists made life in Iraq's Mosul impossible. Now, six months after their defeat, even their corpses are polluting everyone's existence as no one wants to move them.
The rare few who dare to venture into Mosul's historic centre do so with their nose and mouth firmly covered with masks or scarves to keep out the stench.
Amid the rubble-strewn alleys overlooking the River Tigris, unburied human remains are rotting.
They are the bodies of ISIL fighters, residents and the civil defence say, pointing to their Afghan robes, long beards, and sometimes even suicide belts.
Here and there, on a wall or on a road sign, are scribbled the words "Cemetery for the people of Daesh," using an Arabic acronym for ISIL.
The group seized Mosul in July 2014, imposing their rigid interpretation of Islam on inhabitants and dispensing brutal punishments for those who did not obey.
Iraqi forces declared victory against ISIL in the city in July last year, after months of fighting that killed hundreds of civilians and caused tens of thousands to flee.
But six months on, the putrefying bodies of the extremists killed in the battle are preventing some residents from returning home.
Othman Ahmad, an unemployed 35-year-old, said he would not go back to living in the Old City with his wife and two children as long as the corpses remained.
"We're scared with all these bodies and this awful smell," he said in an alley not far from his former home, now barely recognisable after the destruction.
Not far off, Abu Shaker, 60, said he was terrified the bodies might lead to "germs and epidemics".
But civil defence teams say it is not their job to remove the corpses of ISIL fighters.
Their mission, which ended on January 10, was to extract the bodies of civilians from the rubble so their families could bury them.
For months on end, during and after the battle, they retrieved the remains of men, women and children and carried them away in body bags.
There is no official death toll for civilians killed in the battle for Mosul, but the UN and a monitoring group have said hundreds were killed.
Extracting the bodies was gruelling work, as rescue teams could not enter the Old City's narrow alleys with their vehicles or heavy equipment.
"To dig, we'd use light tools and our bare hands, so getting bodies out took a lot of effort and time," the civil defence's Lt Col Rabie Ibrahim said.
Whenever they were alerted, his colleagues said, civil defence members dashed out to search the ruins, tackling the mounds of broken concrete that now cover the Old City.
To avoid having to bury unidentified bodies, they searched only in the company of relatives able to identify those they had lost.
As for the bodies of Iraqi and foreign militants, it is the city council's responsibility.
"We have already brought 450 out of the rubble, but there are hundreds more," city council head of services Abdel Sattar Al mHabbu said.
Those bodies have been thrown into mass graves, without any rites.
Removing them is slow, he said, because the militants stole and destroyed most of their equipment.
And some bodies still carry undetonated explosives that the security forces did not defuse.
But time is pressing, said Hossam Eddine Al Abar, of the Mosul region's provincial council.
"The bodies have to be moved before it rains and the Tigris rises, taking with it the bodies rotting on its banks," he said.
If the river became contaminated, it would be impossible to treat its water as filtering and purifying stations around the city have been destroyed, either by the extremists or in the battle to retake the city.
A doctor, who asked to remain anonymous, said no case of contaminated water had been reported so far.
But the rotting bodies "pollute the air and water and could soon cause diseases", he said.
Ahmad Ibrahim, a gastroenterologist, said the river's entire ecosystem could soon be contaminated if nothing was done.
"These diseases can develop now, or they can appear in coming years," he said.