Analysis: MPs might back Lebanon’s cabinet but the true test is in the streets

The thousands who took to the streets of Lebanon on Tuesday demonstrated again how a new government has done little to cool the anger at elected officials

Lebanese security forces use water cannon to disperse protesters gathered in the heart of Beirut to stop a confidence vote for a new government, which they say fails to address their demands and cannot rescue the ailing country. AFP

Lebanese protesters carry a man who was injured by a tear gas canister fired by army soldiers during clashes in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. EPA

Riot police spray anti-government protesters with water cannons during a protest against a parliament session preparing a vote of confidence for the new government in Beirut, Lebanon. AP Photo

Lebanese journalist Dima Sadek climbs a wall installed by authorities to block a protest against a parliament session vote of confidence for the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. AP Photo

MPs were set to discuss the vote of confidence in the new administration amid a five-month national uprising. AP Photo

Thousands began travelling to Beirut from across the country on Monday evening as security forces began reinforcing concrete barriers erected around the city centre. AP Photo

Anti-government protesters run away from tear gas canisters fired by riot police in Beirut. AP Photo

Protesters remove a concrete block from a wall that was installed by authorities. AP Photo

Anti-government protesters hold placards as they try to block a road heading to parliament building. AP Photo

Lebanese army special forces block a road in front of anti-government protesters. AP Photo

An anti-government protester argues with Lebanese army special forces. AP Photo

Anti-government demonstrators throw stones towards riot police. AP Photo

Lebanese riot police spray water cannons to disperse anti-government protestors on the road leading to the parliament building in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. EPA

A demonstrator is sprayed with a water cannon during a protest seeking to prevent MPs and government officials from reaching the parliament for a vote of confidence, in Beirut, Lebanon. REUTERS

Riot police carry an anti-government demonstrator during a protest, against parliament giving a confidence vote to the cabinet, in the capital Beirut. AFP

A demonstrator is given smelling salts after riot police used tear gas to disperse anti-government demonstrators during a protest, against parliament giving a confidence vote to the cabinet, in the capital Beirut. AFP

A protestor tries to extinguish a tear gas during a protest seeking to prevent MPs and government officials from reaching the parliament for a vote of confidence, in Beirut, Lebanon. REUTERS

Anti-government demonstrators prepare to throw stones toward riot police at a road leading to the parliament building, during a protest against a parliament session to vote of confidence for the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. AP Photo

Lebanon’s MPs have passed a confidence vote in the new Cabinet and ministers can now get to work.

But the administration of Hassan Diab faces perhaps the greatest challenge of any Lebanese government since the civil war ended in 1990.

Not only is the country facing a financial crisis of mammoth proportion but anger on the streets of the country from north to south leaves ministers little room to take the likely painful steps needed to fix the economy.

Banks have capped cash withdrawals to a few hundred dollars a week, importers are struggling to keep the flow of goods entering the country and unemployment – already high before the October uprising began – has spiked.

Timeline: the Lebanese uprising as it unfolded

“Usually a situation like this may face a government on his way out, not on his way in so this is just to say how big the gap is between the political establishment, the ruling class and the people,” said Sami Nadr, the Director of the Levant Institute for Strategic Affairs.

The struggles of the new government are a confluence of years of chronic problems that have all come to a head.

No single issue, from supporting the struggling agriculture sector, the crippled banking industry, sluggish manufacturers or even the once envied and now bankrupt media outlets, is easy on its own. Taken together, it may prove an impossible task.

If taken at face value, Mr Diab is saying many of the things people want to hear.

The new prime minister on Tuesday told parliament that his administration will take the reforms needed to access $11 billion (Dh40.39bn) in soft loans to rebuild shattered infrastructure. He will take tough action on tax evasion and cross border smuggling. They will tackle public debt and safeguard customers’ deposits. He will strengthen local commerce, industry and agriculture and refuses the permanent resettlement of refugees. He will build a social safety net to support the country’s poorest.

But many on the street still distrust him. Most of his promises, they point out, are simply lifted from the lofty aims of Cabinets past.

“Most ministers to Hassan Diab are primarily … former advisors to politicians that have been nominated and approved by political parties,” said Imad Salamey, Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at the Lebanese American University. “[It is] widely believed to be subservient to the will of corrupt politicians so I think the government of Hassan Diab has already lost the confidence of the people before it was even inaugurated.”

This sentiment explains the mass protests outside parliament on Tuesday and the anger iterated by many on the streets of Beirut.

"We're trying to push more, in order to deliver the message that you [politicians] no longer represent the people," Wissam Daou, a protester attempting to block a major road in Beirut with a banner that read "no trust", told The National.

Almost every government since 1990 has promised to provide 24/7 centrally generated electricity and yet 30 years later those who can afford it still rely on private generators to bridge the daily cuts. With 40 per cent of the country now classed as living in poverty, those who cannot afford private suppliers just sit in the dark.

Away from the technical challenges the new administration faces, there is the political one.

The new government, and politicians in general, are widely despised.

Politicians dining out with their families are heckled out of establishments by groups of protesters, as MPs gathered for Tuesday’s session their cars were pelted with eggs and stones and one was hospitalized.

Lebanese MP Salim Saade arriving to attend a parliamentary session after being attacked by protesters. AFP hand out from Lebanese Parliament Press Office

Mr Salamey says that the broader question amid the current crisis is about the future of Lebanon’s sectarian power-sharing system.

Sectarian parties that bill themselves as the protectors of their community and have long relied upon the support of their respective confession are now faced with anger at every turn.

“The sectarian system is in crisis,” he said. “It has been widely blamed for the current political impasse and the current economic crisis the country has undergone. It has been unable to manage the day to day life of the Lebanese citizen….and has not been able to provide satisfactory management or political leadership for the country as a whole.”

Politicians, if they wish to keep their jobs, will have to build a new covenant with their constituents. But, Mr Salamey says, sweeping away an entrenched decades-old system will take time.

“Sectarianism is in crisis, but for the protesters to eradicate sectarianism from Lebanese political life is not easy but I guess that the road towards the deconfessionalisation has already begun in a very serious way.”