Abraham Accord: what its 12 points say


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The 12-point Abraham Accord between the UAE and Israel, which was signed on Tuesday at the White House, represents a peace treaty establishing full relations between the two countries.

It contains key areas of mutual interest and builds on earlier agreements with Arab countries.

The full text of the Abraham Accord shows what the countries agreed to on August 13 when it was first announced.

The document revealed on Tuesday is a peace treaty that goes into some detail on what normalisation looks like.

Tolerance and interfaith co-existence are also important points in the accord, and are mentioned very early in the text.

Ties will be developed by establishing embassies and a wide scope of co-operation in fields such as health care, innovation, aviation, environment and energy to spur economic activity and innovation.

The text also puts stress on countering extremism and launching a "strategic agenda for the Middle East", together with the US.

The agreement stresses the importance of negotiated peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians, and the need to meet their goals and aspirations.

But the text does not make any mention of key issues between the Palestinians and the Israelis, such as the status of Al Aqsa Mosque compound.

It does refer to Israel's peace treaties with Jordan and Egypt.

There is also a point in the text related to security in which the UAE and Israel agree to prevent any "terrorist or hostile activities" against each other.

The UN charter is mentioned and reflects the importance of not undermining any multilateral commitments made by either country or any other obligations they might have related to treaties with other countries.

The agreement will be registered with the UN and must still be legally ratified by both the UAE and Israel.

They also commit to passing or repealing any necessary legislation to make the accord work. Any disputes that may arise will be settled through arbitration.

Here is the text of the agreement in full.

The language of diplomacy in 1853

Treaty of Peace in Perpetuity Agreed Upon by the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast on Behalf of Themselves, Their Heirs and Successors Under the Mediation of the Resident of the Persian Gulf, 1853
(This treaty gave the region the name “Trucial States”.)


We, whose seals are hereunto affixed, Sheikh Sultan bin Suggar, Chief of Rassool-Kheimah, Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnoon, Chief of Aboo Dhebbee, Sheikh Saeed bin Buyte, Chief of Debay, Sheikh Hamid bin Rashed, Chief of Ejman, Sheikh Abdoola bin Rashed, Chief of Umm-ool-Keiweyn, having experienced for a series of years the benefits and advantages resulting from a maritime truce contracted amongst ourselves under the mediation of the Resident in the Persian Gulf and renewed from time to time up to the present period, and being fully impressed, therefore, with a sense of evil consequence formerly arising, from the prosecution of our feuds at sea, whereby our subjects and dependants were prevented from carrying on the pearl fishery in security, and were exposed to interruption and molestation when passing on their lawful occasions, accordingly, we, as aforesaid have determined, for ourselves, our heirs and successors, to conclude together a lasting and inviolable peace from this time forth in perpetuity.

Taken from Britain and Saudi Arabia, 1925-1939: the Imperial Oasis, by Clive Leatherdale