A ceasefire between Armenia and Azerbaijan got off to a rocky start on Saturday with both sides accusing the other of major violations and Yerevan saying Baku was using the lull as cover to stage a fresh push.
The ceasefire, clinched after marathon talks in Moscow pushed for by President Vladimir Putin, was meant to halt fighting to allow ethnic Armenian forces in the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh and Azeri forces to swap prisoners and war dead.
Azerbaijan's Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov clarified on Saturday that the lull would only last for as long as it took for the Red Cross to arrange the exchange of the dead.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, who had mediated over 10 hours of talks at the first diplomatic contact between the two since fighting over the mountainous enclave erupted on September 27, said the sides had agreed to enter into what he called substantive peace talks.
The International Committee of the Red Cross said it stood ready to facilitate the handover of bodies of those killed in action and the simultaneous release of detainees.
Speaking at a briefing in Baku, Mr Bayramov complained that the status quo on the ground did not suit his country and that Azerbaijan hoped and expected to take control of more territory in time.
Within minutes of the truce taking effect from midday, both sides accused each other of breaking it.
The Armenian defence ministry accused Azerbaijan of shelling a settlement inside Armenia, while ethnic Armenian forces in Karabakh alleged that Azeri forces had launched a new offensive five minutes after the truce took hold.
Azerbaijan said enemy forces in Karabakh were shelling Azeri territory. Both sides have consistently denied each others' assertions in what has also become a war of words accompanying the fighting.
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Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov speaking during a press conference following trilateral talks with Armenian Foreign Minister Zohrab Mnatsakanyan and Azerbaijan's Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov on the Nagorno-Karabakh situation, in Moscow, Russia. EPA -
Volunteers pack food and other items in boxes to be sent as aid to Karabakh residents, in Yerevan. AFP -
Armenia's Foreign Minister Zohrab Mnatsakanyan attends a meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Azerbaijan's Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov in Moscow, Russia. AP -
Azerbaijan's Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov attends a meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Armenian Foreign Minister Zohrab Mnatsakanyan in Moscow, Russia. AP -
Smoke rises after shelling in Stepanakert, during fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh on October 9, 2020. AFP -
Pigeons fly near Holy Mother of God Cathedral in Stepanakert during a military conflict in the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia and Azerbaijan say they have agreed to a ceasefire in Nagorno-Karbakh starting at noon Saturday. AP -
A man walks in the yard of a house destroyed by shelling by Azerbaijan's artillery in Stepanakert, the main city in the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh. AP -
Residents stand near a damaged car in Barda, Azerbaijan, near the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh province's capital Stepanakert, on October 9, 2020. AFP -
Members of a family watch television in a basement shelter in Martuni. AFP -
People stand near a hole outside a house which is said was damaged in shelling during the ongoing fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, in the village of Qarabag on October 9, 2020. AFP -
Residents clear a street after it was hit by a missile in Gandja, Azerbaijan, on October 8, 2020. AFP -
Joe Krikorian, centre, founder of the non-profit Code 3 Angels who works with the Armenian relief Society and Armenia Fund, speaks with volunteers from the Armenian disapora in Southern California helping pack boxes with medical supplies in Sierra Madre, California, to help people in Armenia during fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh. AFP -
Armenian national flags hang from apartment balconies in the main Armenian district of the northern Beirut suburb of Bourj Hammoud, Lebanon. AP
Azeri President Ilham Aliyev told Russia's RBC news outlet that the warring parties were now engaged in trying to find a political settlement, but suggested there would be further fighting ahead.
"We'll go to the very end and get what rightfully belongs to us," he said.
Armenia also said the status quo was unsustainable and urged the international community to begin recognising the independence of Nagorno-Karabakh. Not even Armenia currently recognises the breakaway province despite providing hefty financial and military support.
Further talks between the two will be held under the auspices of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's (OSCE) Minsk Group, Mr Lavrov said.
But Azerbaijan wants a change in the talks' format, has spoken of wanting to get Turkey involved and on Saturday accused France of not being a neutral mediator.
Mr Putin spoke to Iranian President Hassan Rouhani by phone on Saturday about the deal, the Kremlin said. Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said on Twitter the deal was a step towards peace.
Dmitri Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Centre and a former colonel in the Russian army, said on Twitter that any peace talks were likely to fail and that Azerbaijan would continue to press for Armenian forces to leave the enclave, something Armenia would not accept.
Russia could not afford to step back, he said.
"For Russia, the most important issues in the South Caucasus are the security of Russian borders from jihadis coming from the Middle East and elsewhere, and Turkey’s rising role in the region," wrote Mr Trenin.
This means that Moscow can’t walk away from the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and allow a war to rage".
President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan has said that political options would come after the military phase.
"Mediators and leaders of some international organisations have stated that there is no military solution to the conflict," he said. "I have disagreed with the thesis, and I have been right. The conflict is now being settled by military means and political means will come next."
Renewed fighting in the decades-old conflict has raised fears of a wider war drawing in Turkey, a close ally of Azerbaijan, and Russia, which has a defence pact with Armenia.
The clashes have also increased concern about the security of pipelines that carry Azeri oil and gas to Europe.
The fighting is the worst since a 1991-94 war that killed about 30,000 people and ended with a ceasefire that has been violated repeatedly.
Turkey welcomed the ceasefire deal but said much more was needed.
"The humanitarian ceasefire is a significant first step but will not stand for a lasting solution," the Turkish foreign ministry said in a statement. "Turkey will continue to stand by Azerbaijan in the field and at the table".
The Azeri and Turkish foreign ministers also spoke by phone on Saturday.
Fighters paid by Turkey have confirmed to The National reports that Ankara is sending Syrian mercenaries to back Azerbaijan's forces. Turkey has denied deploying combatants to the region.
In an interview with CNN Arabic aired on Thursday, Azerbaijan’s president admitted that Turkish F-16 fighter jets stayed in Azerbaijan weeks after a joint military exercise, but insisted that they remained grounded. Armenian officials had earlier claimed that a Turkish F-16 shot down an Armenian warplane, a claim that both Turkey and Azerbaijan have denied.
Turkey's involvement in the conflict raised painful memories in Armenia, where an estimated 1.5 million died in massacres, deportations and forced marches that began in 1915 as Ottoman officials worried that the Christian Armenians would side with Russia, its enemy in the First World War.
The event is widely viewed by historians as genocide. Turkey denies the deaths constituted genocide, saying the toll has been inflated and that those killed were victims of civil war and unrest.
