Expo 2020 Dubai: life-size replica of Michelangelo’s 'David' completes a 6,000km journey from Florence to the UAE

Meticulous operation to build and transport digital twin sculpture from Florence to Dubai

Chiara Rossolimo, fairs and exhibition director of OTIM, checking a 3D model of Michelangelo’s David. Courtesy: OTIM

Grazia Tucci, associate professor at the University of Florence and project leader of the David reproduction, during a trial of pressure on the first version of a limb of the David model. Courtesy: Massimo Sestini for Italy Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai

Chiara Rossolimo, fairs and exhibition director of freight forwarders OTIM, during the loading to transport a life-size replica of Michelangelo’s David from Florence. Courtesy: Massimo Sestini for Italy Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai

A team gets the brackets ready before loading a more than five metre high model of Michelangelo’s David for transport from Florence. Courtesy: OTIM

IThe replica of a 16th century sculpture being taken into a truck in Florence. Courtesy: OTIM

A team carefully handles a 3D printed model of Michelangelo’s famous David statue for installation at the World Fair in Dubai. Courtesy: OTIM

Packers load a replica of Michelangelo’s David that was scanned from the original at the Academy Gallery in Florence and printed on one of the world’s largest 3D printers. Courtesy: OTIM

A team checks a model of Michelangelo’s famous David sculpture in the narrow streets of Florence before loading it on to a truck to be transported via cargo plane to the Dubai Expo. Courtesy: OTIM

Chiara Rossolimo, fairs and exhibition director of OTIM, with the team that packed and transported a life-size replica of Michelangelo’s David from Florence to Dubai. Courtesy: OTIM

A 3D copy of Michelangelo's David, one of the world's most famous marble sculptures, reached Dubai and will be fitted in the Italian pavilion at the Expo site on Thursday.

It took months of precise planning and painstaking work by artists, architects and tech experts to recreate a digital version of the Renaissance masterpiece that draws millions of visitors to the Academy Gallery in Florence.

Large crates carrying the 450kg model and the 150kg podium on which it will stand were transported in a cargo plane from Italy that landed in Dubai on Tuesday.

The team behind the project told The National about the exhaustive research and 40 hours in January it took to scan the original in the museum.

'The most accurate' digital copy of famous masterpiece yet produced

"We wanted to capture not just the form but also to reproduce the texture," Grazia Tucci, associate professor in geomatics at the University of Florence, told The National.

"At the beginning I was a little bit scared because Michelangelo's David is one of the most important masterpieces in the history of art. It represents the victory of good over evil and has such symbolic value.

“It is probably the most reproduced icon all over the world so the accuracy and quality of this piece was really important to me.”

Prof Tucci described it as "the most accurate digital copy of David" because of the lengths the team went to capture the 16th-century sculpture.

Because of the shutdown of public spaces in Italy to stem the spread of coronavirus, digital experts were able to spend two weeks in an empty museum without crowds milling around.

Laser scanners normally used in the industrial sector for the highest resolution were mounted on a specially-built tripod to photograph and measure each section of the towering statue.

Tech experts climbed scaffolding and ladders to reach the highest portions of the statue and photograph all the details.

“We had to move the scanners with the tripod close to all the surfaces so we could have all the detail in the digital file that would be used as input for the 3D printer,” she said.

“The most difficult were the veins, hair curls, fingers, hands and feet.”

No stone unturned in search for perfection 

Engineers in Florence used high-tech cameras and mounted laser scanners on stairs to capture microscopic details of the 16th-century marble statue. EPA

The 3D-printed copy of Michelangelo's David statue at a laboratory in Florence. The reproduction will be flown to Dubai where it will represent Italy at the Expo. EPA

The 3D-printed copy of Michelangelo's David statue is being assembled at a laboratory in Florence, Italy. EPA

The statue, which is a replica of the masterpiece at the Academy Gallery in Florence, will be the striking centrepiece of Italy's pavilion when Expo opens later this year. EPA

The copy of Michelangelo's David statue involved 3D printing of the various parts of the figure. EPA / Claudio Giovannini

The statue was created thanks to a sophisticated digitalisation process that involved scanning the statue to create a three-dimensional digital twin. EPA

The 3D-printed copy of Michelangelo's David statue is made of acrylic resin covered with marble dust. EPA

The 3D-printed copy of Michelangelo's David statue was assembled by team of restorers at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence. EPA

The restorers' work includes adding the cracks, fractures and abrasions to give it the same character of the current statue. EPA

Engineers in Florence used high-tech cameras and mounted laser scanners on stairs to capture microscopic details of the 16th-century marble statue. EPA

The scans took measurements of more than 100,000 points of the statue's surface.

These were combined to produce a digital twin of David over three weeks of 3D printing.

It then took artists two months for the aging process when they manually reconstructed the rough and smooth curves of the sculpture.

Restorers in Florence covered the acrylic resin model with layers of marble powder mixed with glue to mirror chisel marks, cracks and erosion.

“This was the most demanding because it was done by hand to make it really look like marble with its defects and similar to the original,” Prof Tucci said.

Paola Carniglia, sales director of OTIM, the freight forwarders who handled the transport, said the model was among the most unusual parcels the company has handled.

Plastic-based blocks anchored the head, chest, hands and legs to secure the statue inside the crate.

The piece was lifted by crane into a truck and out of the historical centre of Florence.

“The statue is fragile so we had to be very careful and listen to every single creak and sound to understand if something wrong was going on inside,” she said.

Stunning centrepiece of Italy pavilion set to make a big impression

A team checks a model of Michelangelo’s famous David sculpture in the narrow streets of Florence before loading it on to a truck to be transported via cargo plane to the Dubai Expo. Courtesy: OTIM

“Moving it from a vertical position to laying it down was the most difficult.

“It is a very large piece so we had to make sure it was anchored and did not move. The streets of Florence are narrow so we worked at night."

The statue will take eight hours to set up inside the Italian pavilion at the Expo Dubai South site on Thursday morning.

Metal brackets are ready to hold the 1.8-metre podium on which the 5.2-metre statue will be placed.

Isabella Colangelo, an architect with Dubai’s A2Z architectural engineering company, is on site to co-ordinate with the design and installation teams.

“It will be a milli-metric operation But we have prepared everything to welcome this piece of Italian culture in Dubai,” she said.

A portion of the pavilion along with the statue will be unveiled next week.

When the Expo opens in October, visitors will enter at ground level where they can look up at the statue and also view it from the first floor exhibition area.

The aim of the pavilion is to merge history with the technology of the future.

The exhibition space will display sustainability solutions and connect entrepreneurs, business and academicians.

Grand vision for Expo 2020 Dubai takes shape as October opening draws near

The US Pavilion at the Expo 2020 site. Reem Mohammed / The National

The Netherlands pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai. Courtesy: V8 Architects

The Luxembourg pavilion, under construction at the Expo 2020 Dubai site. Courtesy: Luxembourg pavilion at Expo 2020

France's Expo pavilion. Courtesy: France Expo 2020 Dubai

The Swiss pavilion for Expo 2020. Chris Whiteoak / The National

The Australian pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai. Courtesy: Australian Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai

The Irish pavilion located in the Mobility District, near Jubilee Park. Courtesy: Embassy of Ireland

The Austrian Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Bahrain Expo 2020 Pavilion.

Belarus's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Belgium Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Czech Republic Expo 2020 Pavilion.

Finland's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

France's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The German Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Italian Expo 2020 Pavilion.

Japan's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Monaco Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Netherlands' Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The New Zealand pavilion for Expo 2020.

Norway's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Omani Expo 2020 Pavilion.

Poland's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Saudi Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Spanish Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The South Korea Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Sweden Expo 2020 Pavilion.

The Swiss Expo 2020 Pavilion.

Thailand's Expo 2020 Pavilion.

An artist's impression of the UAE pavilion.

The UK pavilion at Expo 2020.

Ukraine's Expo 2020 Pavilion.