Moscow has spent an estimated $7bn to buy old tankers that would usually have been scrapped, with a combined carrying capacity of 1.7 million barrels per day

The treatment process is projected to meet 16 per cent of the required reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050

While the technology's rampant electricity consumption is straining grids, it could support efficiencies and the climate battle in the long-term

The world has just experienced the hottest May on record, and record temperatures over the northern hemisphere summer are expected

Attention has turned away from the early 2000s scare of peak oil production to talk of when peak oil demand will come

China could exceed its all-time annual high of 4.3 million barrels per day by 2025

The move should limit volatility both on the upside and downside

There is no global grid and links across national borders or even within large countries are limited or non-existent

Labour Party’s pro-environmental agenda faces several challenges, including balancing big ambitions with fiscal credibility

Geological considerations also control where critical global minerals are found

US President Joe Biden is expected to announce huge rises in tariffs on clean energy goods from China

The country is blessed with an abundance of renewable energy resources, yet it would be remiss to overlook the challenges ahead

Geopolitical tensions threaten to destabilise global oil market stability

Middle East and East Mediterranean heating faster than global averages, bringing more instability to weather

Shell has said it is open to moving the company’s primary listing from London to New York