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Iraqis fleeing Baghdad sit with their belongings in the back of a pick-up truck on March 31, 2003, as smoke billowing from burning oil trenches covers the sky. AFP
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An explosion is seen in Baghdad March 20, 2003, as the US launched a war on Iraq with air strikes on the capital. AFP
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Smoke covers the presidential palace compound in Baghdad on March 21, 2003 during a massive US-led air raid on the Iraqi capital. Smoke billowed from a number of targeted sites, including one of President Saddam Hussein's palaces, an AFP correspondent said. AFP
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A park catches fire during a US strike on a presidential palace in Baghdad late March 22, 2003. The Iraqi capital came under heavy bombardment for the third consecutive night. AFP
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Smoke billows from oil trenches in Baghdad March 23, 2003. Fuel trenches were set on fire on the outskirts of Baghdad, ringing the capital with plumes of thick smoke. AFP
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Women grieve outside a house destroyed in US bombing in Baghdad's al-Aazamiya neighborhood on March 24, 2003. Five members of the same family were killed and at least 28 others wounded when a missile fired by allied warplanes hit houses in the densely populated area in the Iraqi capital, according to residents. AFP
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Rescuers carry a stretcher over the debris of a house destroyed in a US bombing of Baghdad's al-Aazamiya neighborhood on March 24, 2003. AFP
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Smoke from burning oil trenches covers the Martyrs monument, one of Baghdad's main landmarks on March 24, 2003. AFP
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Explosions rock Baghdad late March 29, 2003 during a coalition raid on the Iraqi capital. It was not immediately clear what targets had been hit in the bombing on the southern rim of the city but Iraqi satellite television broadcasting outside the country was interrupted. AFP
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Greek journalist Efetefia Pentaraki and her Iraqi guide Maohamad al-Rashid run for cover as the al-Salehiya telecomunication center is hit by a missile during a coalition air raid on Baghdad on March 30, 2003. AFP
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Smoke billows from an explosion in Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's guest palace bombed during a coalition air raid on March 31, 2003. AFP
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Iraqis fleeing Baghdad sit with their belongings in the back of a pick-up truck on March 31, 2003, as smoke billowing from burning oil trenches covers the sky. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/FZ5R2IW6LNJS7WDMAEN2UJ2U2U.jpg?smart=true&auth=bb22a055b84b721666e9bc9a2aacef804c8d5730fcda918f46cbf6ae58957914&width=400&height=225)
An explosion is seen in Baghdad March 20, 2003, as the US launched a war on Iraq with air strikes on the capital. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/DSIUZ7JDFMBVU7IATPMCNTB3FM.jpg?smart=true&auth=fa3a021f0ef1225f19480b6b8bb16333aecb960f25dbd539de8d66cdd87c5ea6&width=400&height=225)
Smoke covers the presidential palace compound in Baghdad on March 21, 2003 during a massive US-led air raid on the Iraqi capital. Smoke billowed from a number of targeted sites, including one of President Saddam Hussein's palaces, an AFP correspondent said. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/TLJ5P4UA2MYR2IKECEX42YQOFQ.jpg?smart=true&auth=7d9f7aba59eeafdd2fbb44e9d1a85afe37d11251e661127db34958024a6960bb&width=400&height=225)
A park catches fire during a US strike on a presidential palace in Baghdad late March 22, 2003. The Iraqi capital came under heavy bombardment for the third consecutive night. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/RXFF35NGJZNU477PGZYQYXVC2Y.jpg?smart=true&auth=a2239dbc4feec697f164a513c9e86d3c7b8970cd714d76be5afa0c8e6485c5ae&width=400&height=225)
Smoke billows from oil trenches in Baghdad March 23, 2003. Fuel trenches were set on fire on the outskirts of Baghdad, ringing the capital with plumes of thick smoke. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/6STPWUJVMPUKGWVBEOZI56SXQE.jpg?smart=true&auth=546b7b94994021a25120e98f5353d09349250149cb7a6e857c95071624668b87&width=400&height=225)
Women grieve outside a house destroyed in US bombing in Baghdad's al-Aazamiya neighborhood on March 24, 2003. Five members of the same family were killed and at least 28 others wounded when a missile fired by allied warplanes hit houses in the densely populated area in the Iraqi capital, according to residents. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/HF2GCINDXLL7ZVD65UTTLMSV24.jpg?smart=true&auth=f9834547aa51ebed778fa267231cb0790b3f85388a63526d061c01527413cb98&width=400&height=225)
Rescuers carry a stretcher over the debris of a house destroyed in a US bombing of Baghdad's al-Aazamiya neighborhood on March 24, 2003. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/FFDPFGC6H24PFR3TEIKOMXY2FE.jpg?smart=true&auth=a536ef4dfa71762c428a9375a9ed8809e1bb69c528b44323d0dc39ea5a689638&width=400&height=225)
Smoke from burning oil trenches covers the Martyrs monument, one of Baghdad's main landmarks on March 24, 2003. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/LIYYUUGD3ON7BFVVN4RQCSCQCE.jpg?smart=true&auth=df834b319e79beda718cbd9a7784f18e8cd97a1dc6435d73c1c09e41d43f5f9d&width=400&height=225)
Explosions rock Baghdad late March 29, 2003 during a coalition raid on the Iraqi capital. It was not immediately clear what targets had been hit in the bombing on the southern rim of the city but Iraqi satellite television broadcasting outside the country was interrupted. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/HWRMOLJNVFVGSQMUIR5IGVQJIU.jpg?smart=true&auth=484f1350f17e4852344d0120ba09917e050e37cbf3442d164e394b7edb5183f6&width=400&height=225)
Greek journalist Efetefia Pentaraki and her Iraqi guide Maohamad al-Rashid run for cover as the al-Salehiya telecomunication center is hit by a missile during a coalition air raid on Baghdad on March 30, 2003. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/EM2FOENETF3F4QX4YVD6EOXTBI.jpg?smart=true&auth=a6292aa177cff59c4448bb1759847e2be34c8882542b4cbd109d3719e0e8b392&width=400&height=225)
Smoke billows from an explosion in Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's guest palace bombed during a coalition air raid on March 31, 2003. AFP
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Iraqis fleeing Baghdad sit with their belongings in the back of a pick-up truck on March 31, 2003, as smoke billowing from burning oil trenches covers the sky. AFP
Books, bombs and Baghdad: how a city rocks between progress and peril
Its present is as chequered as its past, and I see the same mix of hope and frustration about its future
24 March, 2021
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