The fundamental problems in the ever-evolving draft electoral law proposed by Libya's National Transitional Council earlier this month seem to be completely lost on its architects. As an unelected and thereby unrepresentative government body, the NTC does not have the political legitimacy to draft such a law, let alone enact it without a transparent public debate. But still, the law is expected to be announced tomorrow.
The most recent violence, in which "pro-Qaddafi" forces are said to have retaken the town of Bani Walid, shows how urgently the country needs a political framework to bring together different factions and begin to disarm the militias. That transitional process, however, is causing more disputes than it is resolving.
The draft legislation will govern the elections of a 200-member national congress to draft the new Libyan constitution and appoint a new interim government in June. But it is flawed on many levels. First, it was written by unnamed committee members appointed by the NTC whose credentials and qualifications are largely unknown. There have also been allegations that the original version is not the same as the one published on the NTC website, raising further speculation over the document's origins.
Further, there are articles in the legislation that call into serious question the judgement and motives of the NTC. First among them is a stipulation that essentially bans Libyans with dual nationality from running or even voting in elections.
"This move was an insult to Libyans who were forced to leave their homeland," said a longtime leading opposition member, who asked to remain anonymous. "They stood against Qaddafi at great risk and cost while members of the NTC, including chairman Mustafa Abdul Jalil and his recently resigned deputy chairman Abdul Hafeez Ghoga, were actively supporting and serving the regime."
The role of former Qaddafi loyalists has also emerged as a point of contention. There is speculation that the exclusion of Libyans in the diaspora and those with dual nationality could be an attempt by the NTC leaders to deflect attention away from their own history with the regime.
In the early days of the uprising, it was Libyan expatriates, many with dual nationality, who urged the opposition in Benghazi to declare a government, resulting in the formation of the NTC. Many Libyans living in Europe, Canada and the United States threw their weight behind the fledgling Council, organising relief efforts, raising awareness in the media and lobbying their governments to secure international support for the revolution and diplomatic recognition of the NTC.
Of course, this was based on the understanding that the NTC would step aside and be replaced by a more representative governing after Qaddafi's fall.
In a strange twist, the portion of the law dealing with dual nationality and defining Libyan citizenship is derived from a statute enacted by the Qaddafi regime in 2010 to punish Libyans abroad who rejected his rule. According to Article 5 of Law 24, which is mentioned in the new draft law, any Libyan who assumes citizenship of a second country without written government consent automatically relinquishes Libyan nationality.
It is fair to ask why any element of Qaddafi's illegitimate rule is being enshrined in Libya's future as a democracy. But this particular provision means Libyans with dual nationality are not only barred from politics, but they are technically not even Libyan anymore and would need a visa to enter the country.
Assuming that this is merely an unintended consequence of the NTC-sponsored legislation, it is certainly indicative of its ambiguous, problematic nature. Because the Council went about drafting the law in such an authoritarian, clandestine and sloppy manner, it has angered many Libyans who have been starved of political participation for more than 42 years.
That festering hostility towards the Council came to a head on Saturday when protesters stormed NTC offices in Benghazi. The protesters' demands were not focused on the electoral law, but were more generally aimed at the removal of former Qaddafi regime officials from the NTC. This resulted in the abrupt resignation on Sunday of Mr Ghoga, the deputy chairman of the Council, who had been mobbed by angry demonstrators at Benghazi University the week before.
Clearly shaken by these events, the NTC then postponed the announcement of the electoral law until tomorrow. Council members claimed that the document would undergo further review based on the feedback they had received.
It remains to be seen what the election legislation will ultimately look like or what concrete steps, if any, the NTC will take to restore the public's faith that it is capable of leading the country through this critical period.
But what both the NTC and the Libyan people need to realise is that the means by which they achieve democracy are just as important as the end result. A weak, flawed election law can only translate into a weak, flawed constitution and government - one that would be as easy to topple as the 1969 government that Qaddafi replaced.
Hanan Ghosheh is a Libyan-American political analyst
THE SWIMMERS
Director: Sally El-Hosaini
Stars: Nathalie Issa, Manal Issa, Ahmed Malek and Ali Suliman
Rating: 4/5
Company Profile
Name: Direct Debit System
Started: Sept 2017
Based: UAE with a subsidiary in the UK
Industry: FinTech
Funding: Undisclosed
Investors: Elaine Jones
Number of employees: 8
Herc's Adventures
Developer: Big Ape Productions
Publisher: LucasArts
Console: PlayStation 1 & 5, Sega Saturn
Rating: 4/5
Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Xpanceo
Started: 2018
Founders: Roman Axelrod, Valentyn Volkov
Based: Dubai, UAE
Industry: Smart contact lenses, augmented/virtual reality
Funding: $40 million
Investor: Opportunity Venture (Asia)
Sarfira
Director: Sudha Kongara Prasad
Starring: Akshay Kumar, Radhika Madan, Paresh Rawal
Rating: 2/5
The Farewell
Director: Lulu Wang
Stars: Awkwafina, Zhao Shuzhen, Diana Lin, Tzi Ma
Four stars
The specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4-cyl turbo
Power: 247hp at 6,500rpm
Torque: 370Nm from 1,500-3,500rpm
Transmission: 10-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 7.8L/100km
Price: from Dh94,900
On sale: now
The specs
Engine: 2.9-litre, V6 twin-turbo
Transmission: seven-speed PDK dual clutch automatic
Power: 375bhp
Torque: 520Nm
Price: Dh332,800
On sale: now
SPECS: Polestar 3
Engine: Long-range dual motor with 400V battery
Power: 360kW / 483bhp
Torque: 840Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Max touring range: 628km
0-100km/h: 4.7sec
Top speed: 210kph
Price: From Dh360,000
On sale: September
Company Profile
Company name: Namara
Started: June 2022
Founder: Mohammed Alnamara
Based: Dubai
Sector: Microfinance
Current number of staff: 16
Investment stage: Series A
Investors: Family offices
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Haltia.ai
Started: 2023
Co-founders: Arto Bendiken and Talal Thabet
Based: Dubai, UAE
Industry: AI
Number of employees: 41
Funding: About $1.7 million
Investors: Self, family and friends
TWISTERS
Director:+Lee+Isaac+Chung
Starring:+Glen+Powell,+Daisy+Edgar-Jones,+Anthony+Ramos
Rating:+2.5/5
Types of bank fraud
1) Phishing
Fraudsters send an unsolicited email that appears to be from a financial institution or online retailer. The hoax email requests that you provide sensitive information, often by clicking on to a link leading to a fake website.
2) Smishing
The SMS equivalent of phishing. Fraudsters falsify the telephone number through “text spoofing,” so that it appears to be a genuine text from the bank.
3) Vishing
The telephone equivalent of phishing and smishing. Fraudsters may pose as bank staff, police or government officials. They may persuade the consumer to transfer money or divulge personal information.
4) SIM swap
Fraudsters duplicate the SIM of your mobile number without your knowledge or authorisation, allowing them to conduct financial transactions with your bank.
5) Identity theft
Someone illegally obtains your confidential information, through various ways, such as theft of your wallet, bank and utility bill statements, computer intrusion and social networks.
6) Prize scams
Fraudsters claiming to be authorised representatives from well-known organisations (such as Etisalat, du, Dubai Shopping Festival, Expo2020, Lulu Hypermarket etc) contact victims to tell them they have won a cash prize and request them to share confidential banking details to transfer the prize money.
WandaVision
Starring: Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany
Directed by: Matt Shakman
Rating: Four stars
Bob Marley: One Love
Director: Reinaldo Marcus Green
Starring: Kingsley Ben-Adir, Lashana Lynch, James Norton
Rating: 2/5
The Intruder
Director: Deon Taylor
Starring: Dennis Quaid, Michael Ealy, Meagan Good
One star
Timeline
1947
Ferrari’s road-car company is formed and its first badged car, the 125 S, rolls off the assembly line
1962
250 GTO is unveiled
1969
Fiat becomes a Ferrari shareholder, acquiring 50 per cent of the company
1972
The Fiorano circuit, Ferrari’s racetrack for development and testing, opens
1976
First automatic Ferrari, the 400 Automatic, is made
1987
F40 launched
1988
Enzo Ferrari dies; Fiat expands its stake in the company to 90 per cent
2002
The Enzo model is announced
2010
Ferrari World opens in Abu Dhabi
2011
First four-wheel drive Ferrari, the FF, is unveiled
2013
LaFerrari, the first Ferrari hybrid, arrives
2014
Fiat Chrysler announces the split of Ferrari from the parent company
2015
Ferrari launches on Wall Street
2017
812 Superfast unveiled; Ferrari celebrates its 70th anniversary
Results
57kg quarter-finals
Zakaria Eljamari (UAE) beat Hamed Al Matari (YEM) by points 3-0.
60kg quarter-finals
Ibrahim Bilal (UAE) beat Hyan Aljmyah (SYR) RSC round 2.
63.5kg quarter-finals
Nouredine Samir (UAE) beat Shamlan A Othman (KUW) by points 3-0.
67kg quarter-finals
Mohammed Mardi (UAE) beat Ahmad Ondash (LBN) by points 2-1.
71kg quarter-finals
Ahmad Bahman (UAE) defeated Lalthasanga Lelhchhun (IND) by points 3-0.
Amine El Moatassime (UAE) beat Seyed Kaveh Safakhaneh (IRI) by points 3-0.
81kg quarter-finals
Ilyass Habibali (UAE) beat Ahmad Hilal (PLE) by points 3-0
Voices: How A Great Singer Can Change Your Life
Nick Coleman
Jonathan Cape
BIGGEST CYBER SECURITY INCIDENTS IN RECENT TIMES
SolarWinds supply chain attack: Came to light in December 2020 but had taken root for several months, compromising major tech companies, governments and its entities
Microsoft Exchange server exploitation: March 2021; attackers used a vulnerability to steal emails
Kaseya attack: July 2021; ransomware hit perpetrated REvil, resulting in severe downtime for more than 1,000 companies
Log4j breach: December 2021; attackers exploited the Java-written code to inflitrate businesses and governments
match info
Maratha Arabians 138-2
C Lynn 91*, A Lyth 20, B Laughlin 1-15
Team Abu Dhabi 114-3
L Wright 40*, L Malinga 0-13, M McClenaghan 1-17
Maratha Arabians won by 24 runs
DEADPOOL & WOLVERINE
Starring: Ryan Reynolds, Hugh Jackman, Emma Corrin
Director: Shawn Levy
Rating: 3/5
Janet Yellen's Firsts
- In 2014, she became the first woman to lead the US Federal Reserve
- In 1999, she became the first female chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers
Diriyah project at a glance
- Diriyah’s 1.9km King Salman Boulevard, a Parisian Champs-Elysees-inspired avenue, is scheduled for completion in 2028
- The Royal Diriyah Opera House is expected to be completed in four years
- Diriyah’s first of 42 hotels, the Bab Samhan hotel, will open in the first quarter of 2024
- On completion in 2030, the Diriyah project is forecast to accommodate more than 100,000 people
- The $63.2 billion Diriyah project will contribute $7.2 billion to the kingdom’s GDP
- It will create more than 178,000 jobs and aims to attract more than 50 million visits a year
- About 2,000 people work for the Diriyah Company, with more than 86 per cent being Saudi citizens
TALE OF THE TAPE
Manny Pacquiao
Record: 59-6-2 (38 KOs)
Age: 38
Weight: 146lbs
Height: 166cm
Reach: 170cm
Jeff Horn
Record: 16-0-1 (11 KOs)
Age: 29
Weight: 146.2lbs
Height: 175cm
Reach: 173cm
WHAT MACRO FACTORS ARE IMPACTING META TECH MARKETS?
• Looming global slowdown and recession in key economies
• Russia-Ukraine war
• Interest rate hikes and the rising cost of debt servicing
• Oil price volatility
• Persisting inflationary pressures
• Exchange rate fluctuations
• Shortage of labour/skills
• A resurgence of Covid?
Jewel of the Expo 2020
252 projectors installed on Al Wasl dome
13.6km of steel used in the structure that makes it equal in length to 16 Burj Khalifas
550 tonnes of moulded steel were raised last year to cap the dome
724,000 cubic metres is the space it encloses
Stands taller than the leaning tower of Pisa
Steel trellis dome is one of the largest single structures on site
The size of 16 tennis courts and weighs as much as 500 elephants
Al Wasl means connection in Arabic
World’s largest 360-degree projection surface
Match info
Uefa Nations League Group B:
England v Spain, Saturday, 11.45pm (UAE)
Stree
Producer: Maddock Films, Jio Movies
Director: Amar Kaushik
Cast: Rajkummar Rao, Shraddha Kapoor, Pankaj Tripathi, Aparshakti Khurana, Abhishek Banerjee
Rating: 3.5