The leaders of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation have warned against the negative impact of deglobalisation for the global economy, arguing instead for smart moves to diversify supply chains.
IMF managing director Kristalina Georgieva, speaking after a meeting with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, said globalisation was facing its biggest challenge since the Second World War, with factors including the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine.
“But don't throw the baby out with the bathwater,” she said on Tuesday.
“Don't pull the plug on trade that makes us all better.”
WTO director general Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, speaking at the same news conference, echoed that view, noting a WTO estimate that breaking the global economy into two trading blocs would reduce global gross domestic product by 5 per cent in the longer term.
“Retreating from trade, being protectionist will make it harder — not easier — to solve the problems we have now,” Ms Okonjo-Iweala said. “Protectionism, decoupling, fragmentation is very disruptive and it will be very costly.”
Ms Okonjo-Iweala and Ms Georgieva said the impact of deglobalisation and fragmentation would hit developing countries and emerging markets hardest. The impact to gross domestic product in those countries would be in the double digits, the WTO chief said.
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Ms Okonjo-Iweala called for moves to de-concentrate manufacturing in a smart way and warned against counting too heavily on “friend-shoring”.
“Who is a friend? A friend today might become very unfriendly tomorrow,” she said.
Ms Georgieva said growth was slowing in the US and China, the world's two largest economies. She said data pointed to even lower global growth next year than the 2.7 per cent rate the IMF had projected in mid-October.
“Business and consumer sentiment points to weakening of activities in the fourth quarter of this year and continuing in this same direction in 2023,” she said.
About one-third of the world economy — and about half of the EU — would slide in recession in 2023, she said, adding that inflation was now projected to persist longer, although it could gradually decline to around 6.5 per cent next year.
