A Trump supporter during a rally in front of the White House in Washington, D C, earlier this month. Zach Gibson / Bloomberg
A Trump supporter during a rally in front of the White House in Washington, D C, earlier this month. Zach Gibson / Bloomberg
A Trump supporter during a rally in front of the White House in Washington, D C, earlier this month. Zach Gibson / Bloomberg
A Trump supporter during a rally in front of the White House in Washington, D C, earlier this month. Zach Gibson / Bloomberg

Book review: Edward Luce’s The Retreat of Western Liberalism – revenge of the workers?


  • English
  • Arabic

Western liberalism is in peril. Europe is disintegrating. America is in retreat. Liberal democracy is shrinking. Russia is on a rampage. China is positioning itself as the de facto leader of the world. How did we get here?

In The Retreat of Western Liberalism, Edward Luce advances answers as potent as hand grenades – and he hurls them without a sliver of sympathy at the nabobs who make the annual hegira to Davos. They have seceded from reality, he argues, and their insights are anachronistic piffle. These are not the judgements of a polemicist. They are the opinions of an enviably erudite observer who is intimately familiar with the world he is assailing. Luce is an exceedingly distinguished journalist who has spent more than two decades writing for the Financial Times. When he took a sabbatical from his day job in the mid 1990s, it was to serve as a speechwriter in the US Treasury Department. The following decade, he published In Spite of the Gods, one of the most entertainingly edifying books to date on the peculiar rise of India. He has spent the last decade writing from the United States and Time to Start Thinking, his superb work of reportage and analysis published in the first year of Barack Obama's second term, warned presciently that the "window on America's hegemony is closing". Luce was still hopeful in 2012. This distressing new essay is nothing short of a deeply felt threnody for a rapidly perishing world order.

Luce views the presidency of Donald Trump as the terminal phase of an incurable sickness: elite apathy. Every page of The Retreat of Western Liberalism bristles with quiet rage at the technocrats, plutocrats and politicians who enabled, through their indifference to the concerns and anxieties of ordinary voters, the ascent of Trump. Luce was among the first to challenge the bombproof self-assurance of Hillary Clinton. She took victory for granted, believing, as Luce wrote in 2014, that all she needed to do to triumph was "tick the right boxes and let demography fix the rest". Perhaps unsurprisingly, her campaign proved to be soulless and suffocating  – the worst exercise in "groupthink" Luce ever encountered in his career. Clinton was driven by "data gurus." "Everyday Americans," as she called them, were "props" in the enterprise.

Luce catalogues the humiliations and hardships that “everyday Americans” must endure. American liberalism hasn’t just failed them. In many cases, it has led the assault against them. In the great cities of the West, the poor are routinely priced out and uprooted from their homes by people who pay lip service to lofty ideals. Liberal politicians have colluded to turn cities into exclusive catchments for the globe’s superrich. There is racial and cultural pluralism, but not income diversity: “The West’s global cities are like tropical islands surrounded by oceans of resentment.” Rural towns are replete with people who have long felt neglected and scorned by a Third Way political consensus that turned elections, in the words of Jan Werner-Müller, into a “choice between Coke and Pepsi”.

Luce illuminates his point about the neglected  –  or “left-behinds” – with the powerful story of the French intellectual Didier Eribon. Eribon grew up in a family that was miserably poor, occasionally violent, staunchly secular and unwaveringly communist. He left home as a young man, ashamed of his “class origins”. When he returned home decades later, he discovered that the left wing students of his youth were the new bourgeoisie, “defenders of a world perfectly suited to the people they had become”. His mother, abandoned by the left and still cleaning houses, had morphed into a strident supporter of Marine Le Pen. It is the counterparts of Eribon’s mother in Britain  – having recoiled from the modernising elites in the Labour Party, who put “more energy into promoting multiculturalism than to addressing their concerns” –  who migrated to Ukip and voted for Brexit. And it is the American counterparts of the British Brexiteers, haughtily dismissed by Hillary Clinton as “deplorables”, who elected Trump. The “undemocratic liberalism” of western elites, typified by the European project, has provoked an “illiberal democratic response” from neglected voters.

"It is one thing to persuade ourselves that we know the future," writes Luce. "It is another to miss what is happening in front of our eyes." Strangely, the name Jeremy Corbyn doesn't appear even once in this book. This is because Luce, like some of his colleagues at the FT, refuses to see what is happening in front of his eyes. He does not consider Corbyn worthy of analysis. He is, at best, an aberration. But it is Corbyn who brought recent converts to Ukip back into the Labour fold in the recently concluded general election  – and he did this without saying an unkind word about minorities or pandering to the prejudices of the "left-behinds". Corbyn campaign was an echo of the conservative American critic Leon Wieseltier's refrain: "There is no economic analysis that can extenuate bigotry." Corbyn's unexpected success renders significant chunks of The Retreat of Western Liberalism instantly obsolete. Luce might have averted this fate for his book if he had kept his own eyes open.

In a book about the crisis of western liberalism, the invasion of Iraq  – a war cheered on with fanatical zeal by self-proclaimed western liberals – gets only a handful of mentions. And even then, it is the “PR fallout” from the war for America, and not the calvary of the Iraqis, that is Luce’s chief concern. Luce is more mindful of offending China. He fears that Trump is sleepwalking into what Graham Allison called the Thucydides Trap: an established power inaugurating war in an effort to squash a formidable competitor. “Sparta opted for war with Athens and lost,” writes Luce. In fact, Sparta won. Luce’s case, however, is not weakened by this slip-up: “Under Trump, the two great countries seem almost destined to stray into some kind of crisis.”

Luce falters when he attempts to explain the world from China’s perspective. It is true that China did not establish a colonial empire as the western powers did. But the contention that China hasn’t “sought to export its model by force or colonise other lands” is not history: it is a falsification of history perpetrated by the Chinese Communist Party. To swallow it, we must first airbrush from the past and present the experiences of Tibetans, and overlook the terror of imminent annexation that constantly stalks Taiwan. To describe Mao’s invasion of India as a war waged to “rectify China’s century of humiliation” is to sanctify a deranged despot’s aggression and omit altogether the perspective of the world’s second most populous country. In one chilling sentence, Luce identifies Taiwan as “China’s largest item of unfinished business”. The unstated counsel here seems to be that the West could make peace with China by letting Taiwan fall into its clasp. But it is a delusion to believe that concessions to Beijing will result in the recession of Chinese revanchism.

There is much to disagree with in The Retreat of Western Liberalism, but much more that is wise and good. Conor Cruise O'Brien denounced liberalism as "the ideology of the rich" – "the ingratiating moral mask which a toughly acquisitive society wears before the world it robs." Luce has no use for masks. He spares no one, not even himself. That is his, and his book's, great strength.

Kapil Komireddi is a regular contributor to The Review.

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

Electoral College Victory

Trump has so far secured 295 Electoral College votes, according to the Associated Press, exceeding the 270 needed to win. Only Nevada and Arizona remain to be called, and both swing states are leaning Republican. Trump swept all five remaining swing states, North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin, sealing his path to victory and giving him a strong mandate. 

 

Popular Vote Tally

The count is ongoing, but Trump currently leads with nearly 51 per cent of the popular vote to Harris’s 47.6 per cent. Trump has over 72.2 million votes, while Harris trails with approximately 67.4 million.

Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
  • Priority access to new homes from participating developers
  • Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
  • Flexible payment plans from developers
  • Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
  • DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
Europe wide
Some of French groups are threatening Friday to continue their journey to Brussels, the capital of Belgium and the European Union, and to meet up with drivers from other countries on Monday.

Belgian authorities joined French police in banning the threatened blockade. A similar lorry cavalcade was planned for Friday in Vienna but cancelled after authorities prohibited it.

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'Morbius'

Director: Daniel Espinosa 

Stars: Jared Leto, Matt Smith, Adria Arjona

Rating: 2/5

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PSA DUBAI WORLD SERIES FINALS LINE-UP

Men’s:
Mohamed El Shorbagy (EGY)
Ali Farag (EGY)
Simon Rosner (GER)
Tarek Momen (EGY)
Miguel Angel Rodriguez (COL)
Gregory Gaultier (FRA)
Karim Abdel Gawad (EGY)
Nick Matthew (ENG)

Women's:
Nour El Sherbini (EGY)
Raneem El Welily (EGY)
Nour El Tayeb (EGY)
Laura Massaro (ENG)
Joelle King (NZE)
Camille Serme (FRA)
Nouran Gohar (EGY)
Sarah-Jane Perry (ENG)

MATCH RESULT

Liverpool 4 Brighton and Hove Albion 0
Liverpool: 
Salah (26'), Lovren (40'), Solanke (53'), Robertson (85')    

The five types of long-term residential visas

Obed Suhail of ServiceMarket, an online home services marketplace, outlines the five types of long-term residential visas:

Investors:

A 10-year residency visa can be obtained by investors who invest Dh10 million, out of which 60 per cent should not be in real estate. It can be a public investment through a deposit or in a business. Those who invest Dh5 million or more in property are eligible for a five-year residency visa. The invested amount should be completely owned by the investors, not loaned, and retained for at least three years.

Entrepreneurs:

A five-year multiple entry visa is available to entrepreneurs with a previous project worth Dh0.5m or those with the approval of an accredited business incubator in the UAE.  

Specialists

Expats with specialised talents, including doctors, specialists, scientists, inventors, and creative individuals working in the field of culture and art are eligible for a 10-year visa, given that they have a valid employment contract in one of these fields in the country.

Outstanding students:

A five-year visa will be granted to outstanding students who have a grade of 95 per cent or higher in a secondary school, or those who graduate with a GPA of 3.75 from a university. 

Retirees:

Expats who are at least 55 years old can obtain a five-year retirement visa if they invest Dh2m in property, have savings of Dh1m or more, or have a monthly income of at least Dh20,000.

Key 2013/14 UAE Motorsport dates

October 4: Round One of Rotax Max Challenge, Al Ain (karting)

October 1: 1 Round One of the inaugural UAE Desert Championship (rally)

November 1-3: Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (Formula One)

November 28-30: Dubai International Rally

January 9-11: 24Hrs of Dubai (Touring Cars / Endurance)

March 21: Round 11 of Rotax Max Challenge, Muscat, Oman (karting)

April 4-10: Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge (Endurance)

The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

RESULTS

Time; race; prize; distance

4pm: Maiden; (D) Dh150,000; 1,200m
Winner: General Line, Xavier Ziani (jockey), Omar Daraj (trainer)

4.35pm: Maiden (T); Dh150,000; 1,600m
Winner: Travis County, Adrie de Vries, Ismail Mohammed

5.10pm: Handicap (D); Dh175,000; 1,200m
Winner: Scrutineer, Tadhg O’Shea, Ali Rashid Al Raihe

5.45pm: Maiden (D); Dh150,000; 1,600m
Winner: Yulong Warrior, Richard Mullen, Satish Seemar

6.20pm: Maiden (D); Dh150,000; 1,600m
Winner: Ejaaby, Jim Crowley, Doug Watson

6.55pm: Handicap (D); Dh160,000; 1,600m
Winner: Storyboard, Richard Mullen, Satish Seemar

7.30pm: Handicap (D); Dh150,000; 2,200m
Winner: Grand Dauphin, Gerald Mosse, Ahmed Al Shemaili

8.05pm: Handicap (T); Dh190,000; 1,800m
Winner: Good Trip, Tadhg O’Shea, Ali Rashid Al Raihe

Tearful appearance

Chancellor Rachel Reeves set markets on edge as she appeared visibly distraught in parliament on Wednesday. 

Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow. 

She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.

A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.

GAC GS8 Specs

Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo

Power: 248hp at 5,200rpm

Torque: 400Nm at 1,750-4,000rpm

Transmission: 8-speed auto

Fuel consumption: 9.1L/100km

On sale: Now

Price: From Dh149,900

The specs
Engine: 4.0-litre flat-six
Power: 510hp at 9,000rpm
Torque: 450Nm at 6,100rpm
Transmission: 7-speed PDK auto or 6-speed manual
Fuel economy, combined: 13.8L/100km
On sale: Available to order now
Price: From Dh801,800
The specs
  • Engine: 3.9-litre twin-turbo V8
  • Power: 640hp
  • Torque: 760nm
  • On sale: 2026
  • Price: Not announced yet
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Results

Ashraf Ghani 50.64 per cent

Abdullah Abdullah 39.52 per cent

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 3.85 per cent

Rahmatullah Nabil 1.8 per cent

While you're here

'Skin'

Dir: Guy Nattiv

Starring: Jamie Bell, Danielle McDonald, Bill Camp, Vera Farmiga

Rating: 3.5/5 stars

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'Top Gun: Maverick'

Rating: 4/5

 

Directed by: Joseph Kosinski

 

Starring: Tom Cruise, Val Kilmer, Jennifer Connelly, Jon Hamm, Miles Teller, Glen Powell, Ed Harris

 
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Hidden killer

Sepsis arises when the body tries to fight an infection but damages its own tissue and organs in the process.

The World Health Organisation estimates it affects about 30 million people each year and that about six million die.

Of those about three million are newborns and 1.2 are young children.

Patients with septic shock must often have limbs amputated if clots in their limbs prevent blood flow, causing the limbs to die.

Campaigners say the condition is often diagnosed far too late by medical professionals and that many patients wait too long to seek treatment, confusing the symptoms with flu. 

Sam Smith

Where: du Arena, Abu Dhabi

When: Saturday November 24

Rating: 4/5

What can victims do?

Always use only regulated platforms

Stop all transactions and communication on suspicion

Save all evidence (screenshots, chat logs, transaction IDs)

Report to local authorities

Warn others to prevent further harm

Courtesy: Crystal Intelligence

ESSENTIALS

The flights

Emirates flies from Dubai to Phnom Penh via Yangon from Dh2,700 return including taxes. Cambodia Bayon Airlines and Cambodia Angkor Air offer return flights from Phnom Penh to Siem Reap from Dh250 return including taxes. The flight takes about 45 minutes.

The hotels

Rooms at the Raffles Le Royal in Phnom Penh cost from $225 (Dh826) per night including taxes. Rooms at the Grand Hotel d'Angkor cost from $261 (Dh960) per night including taxes.

The tours

A cyclo architecture tour of Phnom Penh costs from $20 (Dh75) per person for about three hours, with Khmer Architecture Tours. Tailor-made tours of all of Cambodia, or sites like Angkor alone, can be arranged by About Asia Travel. Emirates Holidays also offers packages. 

MOUNTAINHEAD REVIEW

Starring: Ramy Youssef, Steve Carell, Jason Schwartzman

Director: Jesse Armstrong

Rating: 3.5/5

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Brief scores:

Huesca 0

Real Madrid 1

Bale 8'

SPECS
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UPI facts

More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions

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The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Part three: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE. 

Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Have you been targeted?

Tuan Phan of SimplyFI.org lists five signs you have been mis-sold to:

1. Your pension fund has been placed inside an offshore insurance wrapper with a hefty upfront commission.

2. The money has been transferred into a structured note. These products have high upfront, recurring commission and should never be in a pension account.

3. You have also been sold investment funds with an upfront initial charge of around 5 per cent. ETFs, for example, have no upfront charges.

4. The adviser charges a 1 per cent charge for managing your assets. They are being paid for doing nothing. They have already claimed massive amounts in hidden upfront commission.

5. Total annual management cost for your pension account is 2 per cent or more, including platform, underlying fund and advice charges.

THREE
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The specs

Engine: 2.0-litre 4-cyl turbo

Power: 247hp at 6,500rpm

Torque: 370Nm from 1,500-3,500rpm

Transmission: 10-speed auto

Fuel consumption: 7.8L/100km

Price: from Dh94,900

On sale: now

ELIO

Starring: Yonas Kibreab, Zoe Saldana, Brad Garrett

Directors: Madeline Sharafian, Domee Shi, Adrian Molina

Rating: 4/5

PROFILE OF HALAN

Started: November 2017

Founders: Mounir Nakhla, Ahmed Mohsen and Mohamed Aboulnaga

Based: Cairo, Egypt

Sector: transport and logistics

Size: 150 employees

Investment: approximately $8 million

Investors include: Singapore’s Battery Road Digital Holdings, Egypt’s Algebra Ventures, Uber co-founder and former CTO Oscar Salazar