Turki and Abdulrahman Gazzaz, the brothers behind Bricklab. Photo: Bricklab
Turki and Abdulrahman Gazzaz, the brothers behind Bricklab. Photo: Bricklab
Turki and Abdulrahman Gazzaz, the brothers behind Bricklab. Photo: Bricklab
Turki and Abdulrahman Gazzaz, the brothers behind Bricklab. Photo: Bricklab

Jeddah brothers launch five-year plan to preserve Saudi Arabia's modern architecture


Melissa Gronlund
  • English
  • Arabic

The drive to preserve modern architecture in the Gulf continues, this time with an ambitious five-year initiative launched by the Jeddah firm Bricklab.

Looking at the period between 1938 – when oil was first discovered in Saudi Arabia – and 1964, the year after the first Jeddah master plan, Bricklab’s founders Turki and Abdulrahman Gazzaz are researching modern buildings across the kingdom: some of which have been demolished, and others that have simply been left in a state of disrepair. The duo are then refurbishing them, and commissioning artists and architects to produce exhibitions in the new venues. Afterwards, wherever possible, they will return the sites to contemporary use.

Titled Saudi Modern, the project will act as a mode of architectural preservation in a country where historical registers do not yet cover the modern period.

“The book – the first part of the project – looks at urban planning and examples of architecture from the modern period,” explains Turki, the younger of Bricklab's founder brothers, about the inaugural exhibition of the project, launched in Jeddah in December.

“The second part is the work of eight different contemporary artists and architects who interpret different themes. What we wanted to do with the exhibition was to create more of an experiential, less didactic way to exhibit this historical narrative.”

The Gazzaz brothers created a 3D maquette of a survey of Jeddah made in 1962 by the late Abdulrahman Makhlouf, who created the master plans for both Jeddah and Abu Dhabi. Photo: 24 Fever
The Gazzaz brothers created a 3D maquette of a survey of Jeddah made in 1962 by the late Abdulrahman Makhlouf, who created the master plans for both Jeddah and Abu Dhabi. Photo: 24 Fever

The project focuses on a time of intense change. Jeddah up until the 1940s was still largely a walled enclave, with most of the residences located in the dense Al Balad (now a Unesco World Heritage Site), and a few satellite communities.

As Al Balad grew more crowded, middle- and upper-class Jeddawis moved northwards to what was then the suburbs, and incoming Americans and Europeans, brought over after the oil discovery, formed groupings of self-contained communities.

In the late 1950s, the government invited Abdulrahman Makhlouf, the Egyptian urban planner who also designed the blueprint of Abu Dhabi, to lay out a master plan for the sprawling city. Makhlouf proposed the main northwards artery of Madinah Road, with smaller neighbourhoods strung along the sides, that is still recognisable today.

A 'spirit of unity and brotherhood'

Despite the historic importance of this period, the buildings that constituted it have since been overlooked. Their concrete material is seen as dated in comparison to the new materials of glass and steel, and many of the houses have been abandoned by their owners. But Bricklab sees in these buildings an unprecedented moment of societal transformation.

“In this early period, our grandfathers were literally moving from their stone and wood houses to concrete buildings,” says Turki. “This was a generation that encountered modernity first-hand and had to deal with reconciling traditional values with modern development and progress.”

The architecture firm Bricklab renovated the Tamer house, an example of vernacular Jeddah architecture, to be used as an exhibition site for their new project Saudi Modern. Photo: 24 Fever
The architecture firm Bricklab renovated the Tamer house, an example of vernacular Jeddah architecture, to be used as an exhibition site for their new project Saudi Modern. Photo: 24 Fever

The Tamer House, which Saudi Modern starts with, is typical of the time. It was built as a single-storey dwelling in 1954 for Dr Mohammed Saeed Tamer, a physician who had been directed in the 1920s to look after the pilgrims who were arriving in Jeddah. Sitting behind a walled garden, it is double-fronted, with a long, shaded balcony on which the family could sit outside. After one of his sons married and started a family, Dr Tamer built a second storey to accommodate them – as families did in generations past – and the house is now owned by his grandson, Faisal Tamer, a well-known arts supporter in Jeddah.

Saudi Modern’s 13 other case studies similarly span tradition and modernity, such as the Zainal House from the 1920s, a mix of Hejazi and colonial architecture that sat on an avenue known as “European Row”, or the curved, sinuous Al Ahli Housing Complex, an example of early modern subsidised development, from 1955.

All taken from the Gazzazs’ home town of Jeddah, the examples underline the city’s uniqueness – known locally by its informal motto, “Jeddah Ghair”, or “Jeddah different”. Sited on the Red Sea and the entry point for pilgrims to Makkah and Madinah, the city was long shaped by cosmopolitanism.

Even before 1938, for example, there was already an “Al Hinduwiyyah”, where a sizeable Indian and African community lived. As the city grew, some of the new developments expressly catered to religious pilgrims. Saudi Modern includes the Air Pilgrims Accommodation building from 1958, a multi-occupancy hotel near the old airport that offered cheap bed spaces for those en route to Makkah.

The modernist Air Pilgrims Accommodation building, from 1958, housed Malcolm X when he performed Hajj in 1964. It is now set for demolition. Photo: Bricklab
The modernist Air Pilgrims Accommodation building, from 1958, housed Malcolm X when he performed Hajj in 1964. It is now set for demolition. Photo: Bricklab

One of Air Pilgrims Accommodation's guests was the US civil-rights leader Malcolm X, who visited in 1964. He later reflected on the stay in his autobiography: “Above the airport was a huge, dormitory-like building four tiers high… Pilgrims from Ghana, Indonesia, Japan and Russia, to mention some, were moving to and from the dormitory…,” he wrote. In a postcard he sent at the time to a friend in New York, which is likewise documented in Bricklab's book, he added a line about “the spirit of unity & brotherhood like I’ve never seen before”.

The building is now set for demolition.

Modern to contemporary

For Saudi Modern's exhibition, Bricklab transformed the Tamer House into a show running through March, with provisional plans for the site to stay on as an arts centre. The works reflect both on the idea of a development, a frequent subject in Khaleeji art, as well as the specific setting of the building, of which the air-conditioners, sinks and bathtubs, sockets and wardrobe doors act as an eerie reminder of the regular family life that happened among its walls.

An image of Jeddah from Dima Srouji's video 'Once Upon a Solidarity', 2021. Photo: 24 Fever
An image of Jeddah from Dima Srouji's video 'Once Upon a Solidarity', 2021. Photo: 24 Fever

Palestinian architect Dima Srouji creates a video contrasting Palestine Street in Jeddah with Al Irsal Street in Ramallah. The double-channel work looks past the midcentury spirit of solidarity involved in the naming of the Saudi street to find contemporary connections based on less exalted impulses, such as fast-food chains and commercial storefronts (Once Upon a Solidarity, 2021).

Makhlouf appears in a documentary by Ahmed Mater in which he discusses the ideas behind his master plan.

Upstairs, in the landing for the house's wide, blocky staircase, Riyadh artist Alaa Tarabzouni shows a plethora of miniature breeze blocks. Perched in what was a bedroom nearby is Filwa Nazer's The hands want to see, the eyes want to caress (2021), for which the Saudi artist represented the layout of another 1950s-era vernacular house in Jeddah, the Bait Bajnaid. Sewing together aluminium mesh netting, polyester and different trimmings, Nazer creates a sense of diaphanous reminiscences, softening the repurposed rooms and acting as a reminder of the domesticity that one reigned there.

Filwa Nazer adapted the architecture of another Jeddah house from the 1950s, Bait Bajnaid, for her installation 'The hands want to see, the eyes want to caress' (2021). Photo: 24 Fever
Filwa Nazer adapted the architecture of another Jeddah house from the 1950s, Bait Bajnaid, for her installation 'The hands want to see, the eyes want to caress' (2021). Photo: 24 Fever

Art acts to preserve

Saudi Modern is one of a number of initiatives in the Gulf that are researching and preserving vernacular architecture. Others include the organisation Saudi Architecture in Riyadh, or Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi and Todd Reisz’s Building Sharjah, their extensive documentation of the 1970s building boom in Sharjah. Many of these are an indication of the role of the visual arts as an agent of architectural memory.

The phenomenon is not limited to the Gulf. Across Europe, for example, former factories are often repurposed as exhibition sites, rhetorically aligning art with sites of production, even if many art spaces could now be better compared to luxury showrooms. Refurbishment gives these sites a credibility, at times to the point of fetishisation. Despite its rhetoric of being aligned to the new, art often plays a recuperative role, memorialising modes that are no longer in service – such as Mater’s collection of old printing presses or artists' fascination with analogue film – and celebrating the authenticity of a building’s former purpose, even while using it for other means.

Alaa Tarabzouni's 'Unnamed 53' (2021) reproduces breeze blocks in miniature. Photo: 24 Fever
Alaa Tarabzouni's 'Unnamed 53' (2021) reproduces breeze blocks in miniature. Photo: 24 Fever

In the Gulf, however, the phenomenon goes beyond rhetoric, and has made art spaces an important mode of historical preservation. Though the UAE has built a number of museums, such as the Etihad Museum, Louvre Abu Dhabi or the planned Guggenheim Abu Dhabi, set for completion in 2025, other UAE outfits have repurposed existing sites, such as Bjarke Ingel’s acclaimed redesign of Warehouse421, the conversion of warehouses across Alserkal Avenue and Sharjah Art Foundation’s repurposed heritage sites (designed by Mona El Mousfy) and its preservation of The Flying Saucer and the Kalba Ice Factory.

Apart from being art spaces, these venues also keep alive the memories of the working buildings of Mina Zayed and Al Quoz, and the multilayered histories of sites in Sharjah.

This might be why Saudi Modern feels so – ironically – contemporary. The Gazzaz brothers come with an impeccable art pedigree: they represented Saudi Arabia at the Venice Biennale in 2018, are showing artwork in both the Diriyah Biennale and Hayy Jameel’s inaugural show, Staple: What’s on your Plate?, and are designing the country’s first art house cinema for that same Jameel complex. But the self-directed project of Saudi Modern might be their most important yet, not only for the historical research it produces but in cannily harnessing art's power to preserve.

Saudi Modern runs until Thursday, March 31 at the Dar Tamer in Al Sharafeyah, Jeddah

Getting there

The flights

Flydubai operates up to seven flights a week to Helsinki. Return fares to Helsinki from Dubai start from Dh1,545 in Economy and Dh7,560 in Business Class.

The stay

Golden Crown Igloos in Levi offer stays from Dh1,215 per person per night for a superior igloo; www.leviniglut.net 

Panorama Hotel in Levi is conveniently located at the top of Levi fell, a short walk from the gondola. Stays start from Dh292 per night based on two people sharing; www. golevi.fi/en/accommodation/hotel-levi-panorama

Arctic Treehouse Hotel in Rovaniemi offers stays from Dh1,379 per night based on two people sharing; www.arctictreehousehotel.com

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BlacKkKlansman

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What are NFTs?

Are non-fungible tokens a currency, asset, or a licensing instrument? Arnab Das, global market strategist EMEA at Invesco, says they are mix of all of three.

You can buy, hold and use NFTs just like US dollars and Bitcoins. “They can appreciate in value and even produce cash flows.”

However, while money is fungible, NFTs are not. “One Bitcoin, dollar, euro or dirham is largely indistinguishable from the next. Nothing ties a dollar bill to a particular owner, for example. Nor does it tie you to to any goods, services or assets you bought with that currency. In contrast, NFTs confer specific ownership,” Mr Das says.

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This income will depend on future demand and use, which makes NFTs difficult to value. “However, there is a credible use case for many forms of intellectual property, notably art, songs, videos,” Mr Das says.

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In the UAE’s arid climate, small shrubs, bushes and flower beds usually require about six litres of water per square metre, daily. That increases to 12 litres per square metre a day for small trees, and 300 litres for palm trees.

Horticulturists suggest the best time for watering is before 8am or after 6pm, when water won't be dried up by the sun.

A global report published by the Water Resources Institute in August, ranked the UAE 10th out of 164 nations where water supplies are most stretched.

The Emirates is the world’s third largest per capita water consumer after the US and Canada.

Roger Federer's record at Wimbledon

Roger Federer's record at Wimbledon

1999 - 1st round

2000 - 1st round

2001 - Quarter-finalist

2002 - 1st round

2003 - Winner

2004 - Winner

2005 - Winner

2006 - Winner

2007 - Winner

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2010 - Quarter-finalist

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UK-EU trade at a glance

EU fishing vessels guaranteed access to UK waters for 12 years

Co-operation on security initiatives and procurement of defence products

Youth experience scheme to work, study or volunteer in UK and EU countries

Smoother border management with use of e-gates

Cutting red tape on import and export of food

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In numbers

Number of Chinese tourists coming to UAE in 2017 was... 1.3m

Alibaba’s new ‘Tech Town’  in Dubai is worth... $600m

China’s investment in the MIddle East in 2016 was... $29.5bn

The world’s most valuable start-up in 2018, TikTok, is valued at... $75bn

Boost to the UAE economy of 5G connectivity will be... $269bn 

Indoor Cricket World Cup

Venue Insportz, Dubai, September 16-23

UAE squad Saqib Nazir (captain), Aaqib Malik, Fahad Al Hashmi, Isuru Umesh, Nadir Hussain, Sachin Talwar, Nashwan Nasir, Prashath Kumara, Ramveer Rai, Sameer Nayyak, Umar Shah, Vikrant Shetty

23-man shortlist for next six Hall of Fame inductees

Tony Adams, David Beckham, Dennis Bergkamp, Sol Campbell, Eric Cantona, Andrew Cole, Ashley Cole, Didier Drogba, Les Ferdinand, Rio Ferdinand, Robbie Fowler, Steven Gerrard, Roy Keane, Frank Lampard, Matt Le Tissier, Michael Owen, Peter Schmeichel, Paul Scholes, John Terry, Robin van Persie, Nemanja Vidic, Patrick Viera, Ian Wright.

The specs: 2018 Nissan Altima


Price, base / as tested: Dh78,000 / Dh97,650

Engine: 2.5-litre in-line four-cylinder

Power: 182hp @ 6,000rpm

Torque: 244Nm @ 4,000rpm

Transmission: Continuously variable tranmission

Fuel consumption, combined: 7.6L / 100km

The specs

Engine: 2.3-litre, turbo four-cylinder

Transmission: 10-speed auto

Power: 300hp

Torque: 420Nm

Price: Dh189,900

On sale: now

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The specs

Engine: 4 liquid-cooled permanent magnet synchronous electric motors placed at each wheel

Battery: Rimac 120kWh Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) chemistry

Power: 1877bhp

Torque: 2300Nm

Price: Dh7,500,00

On sale: Now

 

FINAL LEADERBOARD

1. Jordan Spieth (USA) 65 69 65 69 - 12-under-par
2. Matt Kuchar (USA) 65 71 66 69 - 9-under
3. Li Haotong (CHN) 69 73 69 63 - 6-under
T4. Rory McIlroy (NIR) 71 68 69 67 - 5-under
T4. Rafael Cabrera-Bello (ESP) 67 73 67 68 - 5-under
T6. Marc Leishman (AUS) 69 76 66 65 - 4-under
T6. Matthew Southgate (ENG) 72 72 67 65 - 4-under
T6. Brooks Koepka (USA) 65 72 68 71 - 4-under
T6. Branden Grace (RSA) 70 74 62 70 - 4-under
T6. Alexander Noren (SWE)  68 72 69 67 - 4-under

Our family matters legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

RESULTS

5pm: Wathba Stallions Cup – Maiden (PA) Dh70,000 (Dirt) 1,400m
Winner: Yas Xmnsor, Sean Kirrane (jockey), Khalifa Al Neyadi (trainer)

5.30pm: Falaj Hazza – Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 (D) 1,600m
Winner: Arim W’Rsan, Dane O’Neill, Jaci Wickham

6pm: Al Basrah – Maiden (PA) Dh70,000 (D) 1,800m
Winner: Kalifano De Ghazal, Abdul Aziz Al Balushi, Helal Al Alawi

6.30pm: Oud Al Touba – Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 (D) 1,800m
Winner: Pharitz Oubai, Sean Kirrane, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami

7pm: Sieh bin Amaar – Conditions (PA) Dh80,000 (D) 1,800m
Winner: Oxord, Richard Mullen, Abdalla Al Hammadi

7.30pm: Jebel Hafeet – Conditions (PA) Dh85,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: AF Ramz, Sean Kirrane, Khalifa Al Neyadi

8pm: Al Saad – Handicap (TB) Dh70,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: Sea Skimmer, Gabriele Malune, Kareem Ramadan

The specs

Engine: 3.0-litre flat-six twin-turbocharged

Transmission: eight-speed PDK automatic

Power: 445bhp

Torque: 530Nm

Price: Dh474,600

On Sale: Now

Ultra processed foods

- Carbonated drinks, sweet or savoury packaged snacks, confectionery, mass-produced packaged breads and buns 

- margarines and spreads; cookies, biscuits, pastries, cakes, and cake mixes, breakfast cereals, cereal and energy bars;

- energy drinks, milk drinks, fruit yoghurts and fruit drinks, cocoa drinks, meat and chicken extracts and instant sauces

- infant formulas and follow-on milks, health and slimming products such as powdered or fortified meal and dish substitutes,

- many ready-to-heat products including pre-prepared pies and pasta and pizza dishes, poultry and fish nuggets and sticks, sausages, burgers, hot dogs, and other reconstituted meat products, powdered and packaged instant soups, noodles and desserts.

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Pathaan
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Our legal consultants

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

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Why seagrass matters
  • Carbon sink: Seagrass sequesters carbon up to 35X faster than tropical rainforests
  • Marine nursery: Crucial habitat for juvenile fish, crustations, and invertebrates
  • Biodiversity: Support species like sea turtles, dugongs, and seabirds
  • Coastal protection: Reduce erosion and improve water quality
The specs: 2018 Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross

Price, base / as tested: Dh101,140 / Dh113,800


Engine: Turbocharged 1.5-litre four-cylinder


Power: 148hp @ 5,500rpm


Torque: 250Nm @ 2,000rpm


Transmission: Eight-speed CVT


Fuel consumption, combined: 7.0L / 100km

UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE FIXTURES

All kick-off times 10.45pm UAE ( 4 GMT) unless stated

Tuesday
Sevilla v Maribor
Spartak Moscow v Liverpool
Manchester City v Shakhtar Donetsk
Napoli v Feyenoord
Besiktas v RB Leipzig
Monaco v Porto
Apoel Nicosia v Tottenham Hotspur
Borussia Dortmund v Real Madrid

Wednesday
Basel v Benfica
CSKA Moscow Manchester United
Paris Saint-Germain v Bayern Munich
Anderlecht v Celtic
Qarabag v Roma (8pm)
Atletico Madrid v Chelsea
Juventus v Olympiakos
Sporting Lisbon v Barcelona

Updated: January 03, 2022, 1:26 PM`