GUWAHATI, INDIA // Hundreds of survivors sought shelter in a church and school on Wednesday after a brutal rebel attack in a north-eastern state that left more than 60 dead, including women and children.
The heavily armed militants launched coordinated attacks in rural Assam on Tuesday, pulling villagers from their homes and shooting them at point-blank range.
“I saw my wife and two sons being shot dead before my eyes,” said Anil Murmu, a survivor from the worst-hit village of Phulbari, where 30 people were killed.
“I somehow managed to escape by hiding under the bed,” the 40-year-old said.
Police said the rebels belonged to a faction of an indigenous separatist group and that the victims were all tribal settlers known as Adivasi. They are a mix of Hindus and Christians and many had been preparing for Christmas when the attack took place, survivors said.
In Shamukjuli village in Sonitpur district, where 26 people were killed, at least 100 people - mostly women and children - sought refuge in a church. Another 200 people ran to a nearby school.
“This is one of the most barbaric attacks in recent times, with the militants not even sparing infants,” said Tarun Gogoi, Assam’s chief minister.
Mr Gogoi said at least 65 people were killed in the rebel attacks, 12 of them children, according to police.
Assam, which borders Bhutan and Bangladesh, has a long history of violent land disputes between the indigenous Bodo people, Muslim settlers from Bangladesh and rival tribes in the area. Most of the Adivasis, whose ancestors migrated to Assam more than 100 years ago, have worked on tea plantations.
Police said the attacks were carried out by a faction of the outlawed National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). For decades, the group has waged a violent campaign for a separate homeland for the people of the Bodo tribes indigenous to India’s north-east.
Police said recent talks initiated by the national government with one faction of the NDFB may have provoked the attacks. Some hardliners within the group opposed negotiations.
Following the attacks, angry Adivasis surrounded a police station in Sonitpur and attempted to attack the officers inside, said SN Singh, a top police official. Police opened fire, killing three Adivasis, he said.
He said there were also incidents of Bodo homes being attacked, but troops managed to control the situation.
A curfew was imposed in two districts and police and paramilitary forces patrolled the area.
“We are trying to ensure that ethnic violence does not flare up,” Mr Singh said.
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the attacks, and the home ministry rushed several thousand federal paramilitary troops to the region, the junior home minister Kiren Rijiju said.
Bodo militants have in recent years launched ferocious attacks on both Muslim settlers and Adivasis who oppose their claim for an independent homeland. Earlier this year, about 10,000 people fled their homes when violent clashes over a border dispute left more than 45 people dead. In 2012, ethnic clashes in the same area in Assam claimed about 100 lives and displaced more than 400,000 people.
Dozens of rebel groups have been fighting the government - and sometimes each other - for years in seven states in north-east India. They demand greater regional autonomy or independent homelands for the indigenous groups they represent, and accuse the federal government of exploiting the region’s rich mineral resources while neglecting the local people.
* Agence France-Presse and Associated Press
What is an FTO Designation?
FTO designations impose immigration restrictions on members of the organisation simply by virtue of their membership and triggers a criminal prohibition on knowingly providing material support or resources to the designated organisation as well as asset freezes.
It is a crime for a person in the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to knowingly provide “material support or resources” to or receive military-type training from or on behalf of a designated FTO.
Representatives and members of a designated FTO, if they are aliens, are inadmissible to and, in certain circumstances removable from, the United States.
Except as authorised by the Secretary of the Treasury, any US financial institution that becomes aware that it has possession of or control over funds in which an FTO or its agent has an interest must retain possession of or control over the funds and report the funds to the Treasury Department.
Source: US Department of State
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Sinopharm vaccine explained
The Sinopharm vaccine was created using techniques that have been around for decades.
“This is an inactivated vaccine. Simply what it means is that the virus is taken, cultured and inactivated," said Dr Nawal Al Kaabi, chair of the UAE's National Covid-19 Clinical Management Committee.
"What is left is a skeleton of the virus so it looks like a virus, but it is not live."
This is then injected into the body.
"The body will recognise it and form antibodies but because it is inactive, we will need more than one dose. The body will not develop immunity with one dose," she said.
"You have to be exposed more than one time to what we call the antigen."
The vaccine should offer protection for at least months, but no one knows how long beyond that.
Dr Al Kaabi said early vaccine volunteers in China were given shots last spring and still have antibodies today.
“Since it is inactivated, it will not last forever," she said.
Green ambitions
- Trees: 1,500 to be planted, replacing 300 felled ones, with veteran oaks protected
- Lake: Brown's centrepiece to be cleaned of silt that makes it as shallow as 2.5cm
- Biodiversity: Bat cave to be added and habitats designed for kingfishers and little grebes
- Flood risk: Longer grass, deeper lake, restored ponds and absorbent paths all meant to siphon off water