Climate change: Australia faces 'more frequent and more severe' disasters

Report into devastating 2019-2020 bushfires says future events could overlap as global warning continues over the next two decades

Fire trucks are seen during a bushfire in Werombi, 50km southwest of Sydney, Australia. Reuters

A handout photo made available by NASA Earth Observatory of a satellite image showing fires burning near the coast of New South Wales, near Canberra and areas north to the border with Queensland, Australia. EPA

People climb the Sydney Harbour Bridge during a 'Bridge Climb' guided tour in Sydney, Australia. Most of NSW remains under severe or very high fire danger warnings as more than 50 fires continue to burn across the state. Getty Images

A long exposure photograph shows the Three Sisters rock formation as flames from the Kowmung River fire and the Green Wattle Creek fire are visible from Echo Point lookout in Katoomba, New South Wales, Australia. EPA

A firefighter from the Rural Fire Service douses a burnt out tree with water near Oakdale, southwest of Sydney, Australia. AP Photo

The sun sets behind St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney on December 6, 2019 in Sydney, Australia. Getty Images

The Three Sisters rock formation is visible as people watch smoke from the Green Wattle Creek fire from Echo Point lookout in Katoomba, New South Wales, Australia. EPA

People watch as smoke from the Green Wattle Creek fire is seen from Echo Point lookout in Katoomba, as bushfires continue to blaze in New South Wales, Australia. Reuters

Firefighters from the Rural Fire Service cut up a tree that fell across the road near Oakdale, southwest of Sydney, Australia. AP Photo

A local man hoses down fire retardant from a vehicle during a bushfire in Werombi, 50km south west of Sydney, Australia. EPA

Australians should be ready for "compounding" overlapping crises as they face more frequent, costly and severe climate change-worsened disasters, an inquiry into the nation's recent historic bushfires warned on Friday.

Following devastating 2019-2020 blazes that killed 33 people and burned an area the size of the United Kingdom or Ghana, a Royal Commission told Australians "what was unprecedented is now our future".

Predicting a future in which disasters "will regrettably be more frequent and more severe", the commission said: "We can also expect more concurrent and consecutive hazard events."

"In the last 12 months, there was drought, heatwaves and bushfires, followed by severe storms, flooding and a pandemic."

By the time the bushfires had ended in March, they had killed or displaced nearly three billion animals and cost the economy an estimated US$7 billion.

Smoke from the fires that blanketed much of Australia, including major cities, contributed to hundreds of deaths, the report said.

But the commission warned the annual cost of disasters was likely to rise to around $27bn by 2050, even before accounting for worsening global warming.

The report focused heavily on the impact of climate change in producing more extreme weather and noted: "Further global warming over the next two decades is inevitable."

"As a result, sea levels are projected to continue to rise. Tropical cyclones are projected to decrease in number, but increase in intensity. Floods and bushfires are expected to become more frequent and intense."

Firefighters work as smoke rises from a bushfire in Penrose, in Australia's New South Wales state. High temperatures and strong winds were expected to fan massive bushfires blazing across southeastern Australia on January 10, as authorities issued new emergency warnings after several days of cooler conditions brought some reprieve to affected communities. AFP

A yacht sails past a burning woodchip mill as the wildfires hits the town of Eden, New South Wales, Australia. The wildfires have destroyed more than 2,000 homes and continue to burn, threatening to flare up again as temperatures rise. AP Photo

Vets and volunteers treat koalas at Kangaroo Island Wildlife Park on Kangaroo Island, southwest of Adelaide, Australia. Reuters

Girls walk past ash washed up on a beach where people took shelter during a fire on New Year's Eve in Mallacoota, Australia. Reuters

An angler fishes as the Sydney Opera House stands shrouded in haze in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Bloomberg

Burnt bicycles are left by the beach amongst burnt trees where people had previously taken shelter during a fire on New Years' Eve in Mallacoota, Australia. Reuters

Soldiers sit on a beach amongst burnt trees where people had taken shelter during a fire on New Year's Eve in Mallacoota, Australia. Reuters

Smoke from bushfires rises in Penrose, in Australia's New South Wales state. AFP

A helicopter flies during an operation to douse bushfires in Penrose, in Australia's New South Wales state. AFP

Environment group Greenpeace Australia-Pacific shows a destroyed car which melted when bushfires hit properties in the area of Conjola Park on the south coast of New South Wales on January 4. Haunting images of koalas with singed fur, possums with burnt paws or countless charred kangaroo carcasses have flashed around the world and have come to symbolise a nation and an environment buckling under the weight of a climate-fuelled crisis. AFP

Veterinarian Caitlin McFadden tends to a brushtail possum that was badly burnt by bushfires that hit on January 4, in Milton in Australia's New South Wales state. AFP

Lisa Poulsen with her horse Jake, who was burnt in a bushfire on December 31, 2019, in Verona, New South Wales, Australia EPA

A pile of woodchips set alight by bushfires burns at the local timber mill in Eden, Australia, on January 9, 2020. AAP via Reuters

Among the 80 recommendations, the report called for better data and more granular projections about what climate change means for specific areas.

But it stopped short of calling on the conservative government – which has been slow to implement countermeasures – to address the underlying causes, leaving some experts disappointed.

"We have an overflowing bathtub of troubles," said La Trobe University ecologist Michael Clarke.

"Sure, we can focus on monitoring the levels in the bath, mopping up when it spills over, but we could also look at turning off the taps."

Prime Minister Scott Morrison has repeatedly played down the link between climate and the bushfires, and committed to keeping Australia as one of the world's leading exporters of coal and natural gas.

Bushfire-prone Australia has seen dozens of inquests into the causes of bushfires and steps that could be taken to mitigate them.

But many measures recommended by inquiries going back to the 1930s have still not been implemented.

The wildfire season has again opened in Australia. But unlike the last drought-parched season, above-average rainfall is forecast over eastern and northern Australia during the Southern Hemisphere summer. A more active tropical cyclone season is also forecast.

Birds fly in front of tower in a Sydney shrouded in haze as wildfires burn near the city on Tuesday, Nov. 19, 2019. AP

Smoke haze blankets the Sydney skyline as wildfires burn near the city on Tuesday, Nov. 19, 2019. AP

An image captured on a smart phone from a plane window displays smoke haze blanketing Sydney, Australia, November 19, 2019. AAP

A smoke covered Sydney skyline is the backdrop as runners jog at Mrs. Macquarie's Chair at Sydney Harbour on November 19, 2019. Getty Images

The Sydney skyline is seen shrouded by smoke on November 19, 2019 in Sydney, Australia. Getty Images

A still image taken from a social media video shows haze blanketing Manly Beach in Sydney, Australia November 19, 2019. Reuters

A man takes a picture at Mrs. Macquarie's Chair in front of a smoke covered Sydney skyline on November 19, 2019. Getty Images

A plane is seen over smoke covered Botany Bay as it comes in to land in at Sydney Airport on November 19, 2019 in Sydney, Australia. Getty Images

A still image taken from a social media video shows haze blanketing Manly Beach in Sydney, Australia November 19, 2019. Reuters

Smoke shrouds the Sydney Opera House on November 19, 2019 in Sydney, Australia. Getty Images