NEW DELHI // SV Raju, the last surviving leader of India’s only economically liberal party, died on Tuesday at the age of 81, having failed to convince his country to stop describing itself as officially “socialist”.
Raju was once the executive secretary of the Swatantra (or “Freedom”) Party, which was founded in 1959 and briefly became India’s largest opposition party before dissolving in 1974.
Raju, a close associate of Swatantra’s founder, the freedom fighter C Rajagopalachari, kept up a raft of campaigns against socialism even after the party broke up.
Most notably, in 1994, he petitioned the Bombay High Court to strike down a 1989 amendment to the Indian constitution, which stated that only groups declaring themselves to be socialist could be registered as political parties.
In an example of the infamous delays arising in the Indian judiciary, the court admitted Raju’s petition, but more than 20 years later, the case has yet to be heard.
Meanwhile, Raju’s co-litigant, LR Sampat, has since passed away.
"I sometimes joke that the courts are now waiting for me to go," Raju said tongue-in-cheek to Mint, a financial daily, in 2007.
Other moves to roll back India’s official commitment to socialism – enshrined in the constitution’s preamble, to which the word “socialist” was added in 1976 – have also failed.
In 2007, the Good Governance India Foundation (GGIF), a Kolkata-based think tank, petitioned the Supreme Court that the constitution’s preamble should not describe India as a socialist republic.
The word socialist, the petition said, “is wholly inconsistent with a Constitution that encourages free thought, expression and belief”.
But the Supreme Court, in a short order, held “that the question, though important, is academic”. It dismissed the petition.
Sanjiv Kumar Agarwal, a GGIF trustee and the main petitioner in the 2007 suit, told The National that the judiciary's refusal to entertain his or Raju's plea left India appearing "slightly hypocritical".
“If you see the present government, it is anything but socialist,” Mr Agarwal said, pointing out that market reforms over the last two decades had moved India further from socialism.
“And yet our constitution describes India as socialist.”
“It is in the nature of things globally to move away from socialism, because it is unworkable,” he said. “India is no exception. It’s just that it is happening at our particular speed and style, which is elephantine.”
Mr Agarwal hailed Raju and the Swatantra Party as pioneers. “They created the space for this debate to happen,” he said.
The Swatantra Party was established in ideological opposition to Jawaharlal Nehru’s Congress party, which dominated India’s independence struggle and post-independence politics. Nehru believed firmly in a socialist state, a view to which Rajagopalachari – and Raju – did not subscribe.
In its 21 founding principles laid down in 1959, the Swatantra Party committed itself to “social justice and equality of opportunity”, but it also championed free enterprise – “maximum freedom for the individual and minimum interference by the state”.
Although Nehru attacked the party as belonging to “the Middle Ages of lords, castles and zamindars [large landowners]”, it achieved notable electoral success.
In the 1962 general election, it won 6.8 per cent of the total votes. And in the 1967 election, by winning 8.7 per cent of the votes, it became the largest party in opposition to the Congress when it took 44 seats in the Indian parliament’s lower house.
But Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi, aggressively promoted socialism in the 1971 election, promising to use it to eliminate poverty – a seductive promise in a largely poor country like India.
The Swatantra Party won just 3 per cent of the vote, and it was soon beset by infighting.
Rajagopalachari was already ill by then, Raju revealed in an interview to Open magazine last year. The two men met six months before Rajagopalachari – or Rajaji, as he was fondly known – passed away. “Rajaji said, ‘I want you to keep the old leaders together because I am afraid that they are all wanting to go away’,” Mr Raju said in the interview.
The prediction proved correct.
Without Rajagopalachari at the centre, the party crumbled, its various members joining other parties or leaving politics altogether.
Raju subsequently started and assisted a range of liberal groups and publications, but nothing ever achieved the momentum that the Swatantra Party once enjoyed.
He often said that he still wanted to revive Swatantra and its ideals.
“I am too old to take this up,” he said last year, “but I’ll try and see if I can put the party back on its feet.”
ssubramanian@thenational.ae
Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire
Director: Adam Wingard
Starring: Brian Tyree Henry, Rebecca Hall, Dan Stevens
Rating: 4/5
Important questions to consider
1. Where on the plane does my pet travel?
There are different types of travel available for pets:
- Manifest cargo
- Excess luggage in the hold
- Excess luggage in the cabin
Each option is safe. The feasibility of each option is based on the size and breed of your pet, the airline they are traveling on and country they are travelling to.
2. What is the difference between my pet traveling as manifest cargo or as excess luggage?
If traveling as manifest cargo, your pet is traveling in the front hold of the plane and can travel with or without you being on the same plane. The cost of your pets travel is based on volumetric weight, in other words, the size of their travel crate.
If traveling as excess luggage, your pet will be in the rear hold of the plane and must be traveling under the ticket of a human passenger. The cost of your pets travel is based on the actual (combined) weight of your pet in their crate.
3. What happens when my pet arrives in the country they are traveling to?
As soon as the flight arrives, your pet will be taken from the plane straight to the airport terminal.
If your pet is traveling as excess luggage, they will taken to the oversized luggage area in the arrival hall. Once you clear passport control, you will be able to collect them at the same time as your normal luggage. As you exit the airport via the ‘something to declare’ customs channel you will be asked to present your pets travel paperwork to the customs official and / or the vet on duty.
If your pet is traveling as manifest cargo, they will be taken to the Animal Reception Centre. There, their documentation will be reviewed by the staff of the ARC to ensure all is in order. At the same time, relevant customs formalities will be completed by staff based at the arriving airport.
4. How long does the travel paperwork and other travel preparations take?
This depends entirely on the location that your pet is traveling to. Your pet relocation compnay will provide you with an accurate timeline of how long the relevant preparations will take and at what point in the process the various steps must be taken.
In some cases they can get your pet ‘travel ready’ in a few days. In others it can be up to six months or more.
5. What vaccinations does my pet need to travel?
Regardless of where your pet is traveling, they will need certain vaccinations. The exact vaccinations they need are entirely dependent on the location they are traveling to. The one vaccination that is mandatory for every country your pet may travel to is a rabies vaccination.
Other vaccinations may also be necessary. These will be advised to you as relevant. In every situation, it is essential to keep your vaccinations current and to not miss a due date, even by one day. To do so could severely hinder your pets travel plans.
Source: Pawsome Pets UAE
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Name: Lamsa
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Launched: 2014
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Publisher: Bodley Head
Pages: 384
COMPANY PROFILE
Company name: Klipit
Started: 2022
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Based: Dubai, UAE
Industry: Digital receipts, finance, blockchain
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BACK TO ALEXANDRIA
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Profile of Bitex UAE
Date of launch: November 2018
Founder: Monark Modi
Based: Business Bay, Dubai
Sector: Financial services
Size: Eight employees
Investors: Self-funded to date with $1m of personal savings
Abu Dhabi GP starting grid
1 Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes)
2 Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes)
3 Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari)
4 Kimi Raikkonen (Ferrari)
5 Daniel Ricciardo (Red Bull)
6 Max Verstappen (Red Bull)
7 Romain Grosjean (Haas)
8 Charles Leclerc (Sauber)
9 Esteban Ocon (Force India)
10 Nico Hulkenberg (Renault)
11 Carlos Sainz (Renault)
12 Marcus Ericsson (Sauber)
13 Kevin Magnussen (Haas)
14 Sergio Perez (Force India)
15 Fernando Alonso (McLaren)
16 Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso)
17 Pierre Gasly (Toro Rosso)
18 Stoffe Vandoorne (McLaren)
19 Sergey Sirotkin (Williams)
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MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League semi-finals, first leg
Liverpool v Roma
When: April 24, 10.45pm kick-off (UAE)
Where: Anfield, Liverpool
Live: BeIN Sports HD
Second leg: May 2, Stadio Olimpico, Rome
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We are bringing you the inside story from the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting in Davos, a gathering of hundreds of world leaders, top executives and billionaires.
Company Profile
Name: HyveGeo
Started: 2023
Founders: Abdulaziz bin Redha, Dr Samsurin Welch, Eva Morales and Dr Harjit Singh
Based: Cambridge and Dubai
Number of employees: 8
Industry: Sustainability & Environment
Funding: $200,000 plus undisclosed grant
Investors: Venture capital and government
UAE athletes heading to Paris 2024
Equestrian
Abdullah Humaid Al Muhairi, Abdullah Al Marri, Omar Al Marzooqi, Salem Al Suwaidi, and Ali Al Karbi (four to be selected).
Judo
Men: Narmandakh Bayanmunkh (66kg), Nugzari Tatalashvili (81kg), Aram Grigorian (90kg), Dzhafar Kostoev (100kg), Magomedomar Magomedomarov (+100kg); women's Khorloodoi Bishrelt (52kg).
Cycling
Safia Al Sayegh (women's road race).
Swimming
Men: Yousef Rashid Al Matroushi (100m freestyle); women: Maha Abdullah Al Shehi (200m freestyle).
Athletics
Maryam Mohammed Al Farsi (women's 100 metres).
PSA DUBAI WORLD SERIES FINALS LINE-UP
Men’s:
Mohamed El Shorbagy (EGY)
Ali Farag (EGY)
Simon Rosner (GER)
Tarek Momen (EGY)
Miguel Angel Rodriguez (COL)
Gregory Gaultier (FRA)
Karim Abdel Gawad (EGY)
Nick Matthew (ENG)
Women's:
Nour El Sherbini (EGY)
Raneem El Welily (EGY)
Nour El Tayeb (EGY)
Laura Massaro (ENG)
Joelle King (NZE)
Camille Serme (FRA)
Nouran Gohar (EGY)
Sarah-Jane Perry (ENG)
SPECS
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Transmission: 6-speed automatic
Starting price: Dh79,000
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DEADPOOL & WOLVERINE
Starring: Ryan Reynolds, Hugh Jackman, Emma Corrin
Director: Shawn Levy
Rating: 3/5
Results
Stage 4
1. Dylan Groenewegen (NED) Jumbo-Visma 04:16:13
2. Gaviria (COL) UAE Team Emirates
3. Pascal Ackermann (GER) Bora-Hansgrohe
4. Sam Bennett (IRL) Deceuninck-QuickStep
5. Caleb Ewan (AUS) Lotto Soudal
General Classification:
1. Adam Yates (GBR) Mitchelton-Scott 16:46:15
2. Tadej Pogacar (SLO) UAE Team Emirates 0:01:07
3. Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ) Astana Pro Team 0:01:35
4. David Gaudu (FRA) Groupama-FDJ 0:01:40
5. Rafal Majka (POL) Bora-Hansgrohe
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Call the hotline on 0502955999 or send "thenational" to the following numbers:
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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: SmartCrowd
Started: 2018
Founder: Siddiq Farid and Musfique Ahmed
Based: Dubai
Sector: FinTech / PropTech
Initial investment: $650,000
Current number of staff: 35
Investment stage: Series A
Investors: Various institutional investors and notable angel investors (500 MENA, Shurooq, Mada, Seedstar, Tricap)