The view from London: Iraq is coming back but Libya is a real concern

Lt Gen Sir John Lorimer examined the security outlook in this country-by-country breakdown of the Middle East for The National

After nearly a decade of war, Syria is crumbling under the weight of a repressive, corrupt ruling elite, a pandemic and an economic downslide compounded by western sanctions. AP Photo

Souvenir plates bearing the Syrian flag and the portraits of Russian President Vladimir Putin and Syrian President Bashar Al Assad are pictured in a shop in a bazaar in old Damascus. AFP

A man works in his metal workshop beneath a portrait of Syrian President Bashar Al Assad in old Damascus earlier this week. AFP

A Syrian boy carrying textiles is pictured in the bazaar in old Damascus. AFP

A Syrian shopkeeper waits for customers in a bazaar in old Damascus. AFP

Syrians walk in old Damascus in front of a portrait of Syrian President Bashar Al Assad. AFP

Syrian shoppers walk in the bazaar in old Damascus. AFP

Syrian men work in their bakery in old Damascus. AFP

Employees stack packets of the Syrian pound in the Central Syrian Bank in Damascus. AP Photo

An anti-Assad regime demonstration under way in Suweida, southern Syria, in early June 2020. AFP

Lt Gen Sir John Lorimer was questioned about the security issues the Middle East faced by countries currently involved in conflict.

He was asked about their status and how problems could be resolved

Iraq

The new Prime Minister, Mustafa Al Kadhimi, has had a good start and got a cabinet together. That’s really positive.

But there’s a long list of things to sort out and Covid-19 is quite low down on the list.

You’ve got the economy, the internal politics, foreign relations and the threat of ISIS.

The Iraqis also realise that, despite great improvements in Iraqi and Kurdish security forces they still need support from the coalition. There’s still a role for the Nato mission. So much good co-operation has been conducted between the coalition and the Iraqis it would be devastating if that were lost.

Am I concerned about Iraq? Yes. I always am but I think the prime minister is in there with a great team. But there are challenges regarding who his neighbours are.

Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi during his visit to the Nineveh province.

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi during his visit to the Nineveh province.

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi during his visit to the Nineveh province.

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi during his visit to the Nineveh province.

Prime MInister Mustafa Al Kadhimi arrives in Mosul. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi in Mosul last month. The PM's Media Office

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi arrives in Mosul. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi officially opens the Al Hurriya or Freedom Bridge crossing the Tigris river to Mosul's old city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi officially opens the Al Hurriya or Freedom Bridge crossing the Tigris river to Mosul's old city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Al Nuri Mosque, destroyed by ISIS and being rebuilt with assistance from the UAE. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Al Nuri Mosque, destroyed by ISIS and being rebuilt with assistance from the UAE. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Al Nuri Mosque, destroyed by ISIS and being rebuilt with assistance from the UAE. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Al Nuri Mosque, destroyed by ISIS and being rebuilt with assistance from the UAE. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul six years after ISIS captured the city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi tours Mosul Museum during a visit to the city six years after ISIS captured it. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

PM Mustafa Al Kadhimi and Lieutenant General Abdul Wahab Al Saadi, the head of the Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service, meet with Najim Jubouri, Governor of Mosul. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi meets military and security heads after arriving in Mosul six years after ISIS captured the city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi meets military and security heads after arriving in Mosul six years after ISIS captured the city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi meets military and security heads after arriving in Mosul six years after ISIS captured the city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi walks beside Najm Al Jabouri, the city's governor and the general who led the battle against ISIS in 2017. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi officially opens the Al Hurriya or Freedom Bridge crossing the Tigris river to Mosul's old city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi officially opens the Al Hurriya or Freedom Bridge crossing the Tigris river to Mosul's old city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

Prime Minister Mustafa Al Kadhimi officially opens the Al Hurriya or Freedom Bridge crossing the Tigris river to Mosul's old city. Iraqi PM Media Office HO

ISIS

We must not lose sight of the threat ISIS poses and not convince ourselves that it’s all done and dusted. Iraq’s prime minister knows that. We have to work for the lasting defeat of ISIS that will help sustain a peaceful future.

We’ve seen a bit of an uptick in activity. There have been some attacks, it has seized the opportunity in some places to attack Iraq security forces who are doing some very good operations that are taking the fight to ISIS.

This is not just a military matter it’s about dealing with the conditions that led to the rise of ISIS, trying to prevent those conditions rising again.

The coalition led by the Americans has been extremely successful and it’s an important tool for defeating ISIS.

A photographer holding his picture of the Arc du Triomphe (Triumph's Arch) taken on March 14, 2014 in front of the remains of the historic monument after it was destroyed by ISIS in October 2015 in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra. AFP

Iraqi men look at a crater left by a massive suicide car bomb attack carried out the previous day by ISIS in the predominantly Shiite town of Khan Bani Saad, 20km north of Baghdad, on July 18, 2015. AFP

A Syrian man walks past a minaret destroyed following an alleged air strikes by Syrian government forces in the ISIS controlled Syrian city of Raqqa, on November 25, 2014. AFP

Men, suspected of being affiliated with ISIS, gather in a prison cell in the northeastern Syrian city of Hasakeh on October 26, 2019. AFP

A member of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) stands guard in a prison where men suspected to be affiliated with ISIS are jailed in northeast Syria in the city of Hasakeh on October 26, 2019. AFP

A woman stands in front of a bullet riddled facade in the northern Syrian city of Raqqa, the former Syrian capital of ISIS, on August 21, 2019. AFP

A fighter with the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) monitors on Surveillance screens, prisoners who are accused of being affiliated with ISIS, at a prison in the northeastern Syrian city of Hasakeh on October 26, 2019. AFP

A general view shows blankets hanging across the road for protection from sniper fire in the Hamidiyeh neighbourhood of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo as local popular committee fighters, who support the Syrian government forces, try to defend the traditionally Christian district on the third day of intense battles with ISIS on April 9, 2015. AFP

An undated image, which appears to be a screenshot from a video and which was published by ISIS in the Homs province (Welayat Homs) on August 25, 2015, allegedly shows smoke billowing from the Baal Shamin temple in Syria's ancient city of Palmyra. AFP

The house of local farmer Hamad al-Ibrahim is seen destroyed in the eastern Syrian village of Baghouz on March 13, 2020, a year after the fall of ISIS. AFP

A picture taken on January 13, 2020 during a press tour organised by the US-led coalition fighting the remnants of ISIS, shows a view of the damage at Ain al-Asad military airbase housing US and other foreign troops in the western Iraqi province of Anbar. AFP

A bridge that was destroyed by ISIS after they took control of the river crossing and rebuilt the bridge as US-backed Kurdish and Arab fighters advance into ISIS's bastion of Manbij, in northern Syria, on June 23, 2016. AFP

Iraqis look at the damage at aftermath scene of a mortar and bombing attack on the Sayyid Mohammed shrine in the Balad area, located 70km (around 45 miles) north of Baghdad, on July 8, 2016. AFP

Part of the remains of Arch of Triumph, also called the Monumental Arch of Palmyra, that was destroyed by ISIS in October 2015 in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra, after government troops recaptured the UNESCO world heritage site. AFP

Iraqi Kurdish and Turkmen Shiite forces sit in the northern Iraqi town of Bashir after they recaptured the town from ISIS on May 1, 2016. AFP

Syria

The UK is pretty clear that it needs a lasting resolution that protects all rights of all civilians. We support the UN process and long-term political settlement.

We do not believe that Syrian President Bashar Al Assad is capable of delivering lasting peace in Syria given the atrocities his regime has committed. What we do welcome and recognise are reports that the regime will return to constitutional talks. That will be another nudge on the route to a long term political settlement. But it is complex and really difficult.

Displaced people, in Syria, one of the regional crisis points. AFP

Libya

Libya is complex if it were just the Libyans trying to sort out their future.

If they could try to sort out the future by themselves that would be great; at the moment there have been other people involved and that makes it more complex. In particular there have been reports about Turkey and what it has been doing.

If you throw in the humanitarian aspect and Covid-19 into a conflict environment where the healthcare system is under pressure anyway, then that’s a nightmare and a catastrophic scenario that will be horrendous for Libyans.

We want a ceasefire and political talks led by the UN. It’s really important for the region, for Europe and Britain itself.

Yemen

We are really concerned about the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in Yemen.

Cholera, locusts and now Covid-19, Yemen has suffered hugely.

We support the peace process led by Martin Griffiths [UN Special Envoy for Yemen]. We would urge all the parties to support the peace process and engage constructively in it. A political settlement is the only way to bring long-term stability to the region and to address the humanitarian crisis. There’s no military solution to it.

If the fighting stops it will allow the world engage in these humanitarian issues.